1. Satisfaction with Tourism Development in a Coastal Community: A comparison of Baby Boomers and the Silent Generation Jill Naar Whitney Knollenberg Huili Hao, Ph.D.

2. Center for Sustainable Tourism Serving the state, the region and the nation 1.Climate, Weather and Tourism 2.Community Sense of Place 3.Renewable Energy in Tourism 4.Best Sustainable Tourism Practices 5.Engagement and Community Outreach Applicable Research –Coastal Community Tourism Development –Primary and Secondary Homeowners Attitudes towards tourism development Part of a larger multi-faceted study of amenity rich communities

3. Tourism Development –Where and why is it occurring? Amenity-rich communities –Who does it effect? Second-Home Owners (Stedman, R.C., 2006) Residents (Andereck, K.L. & Vogt, C.A., 2000) –What should be done about it? Explore residents’ attitudes towards tourism development (Lankford, S.V., Pfister, R.E., Knowles, J, & Williams, A, 2003) Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

4. Age and Tourism Development –Older cohorts of residents had negative view (Huh, C. & Vogt, C.A., 2008) –Older cohorts of second home owners had positive view (Tomljenovic R. & Faulkner B., 2000) –Areas of concern (Burdge, R.J., 1994; Colmean, P., 1990) Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

5. Tourism and Aging –Cohorts vs Generations (Hareven, T.K., 1994). –Baby Boomers and Silent Generation (Howe, N & Strauss, W, 2000) 1943-1960 1925-1942 –Travel preferences by cohort membership (Pennington-Gray, L., & Kerstetter, D. L., 2001) –Not a homogenous group (Lehto, X. Y., Jang, S., Achana, F. T., & O'Leary, J. T., 2008) Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

6. Life Course Theory »(Elder, G. H., 1998) –Timing of life transitions –Timing of individual life transitions –Role of historical events Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

7. Purpose of Study To determine if there is a significant relationship between cohorts’ satisfaction with tourism development in a southeastern coastal county Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

8. Hypothesis There will be a relationship between respondents’ cohort membership and respondents’ level of satisfaction with tourism development. IV: Cohort membership DV: Satisfaction with tourism development Analysis: Independent t-test Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

9. Secondary data analysis Focus groups used to guide instrument design Online survey with option for hard copy or phone interview version –Sample of 8,000 residents –11% response rate Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

10. Theme 1: Accessibility Access to and from the county during tourists season The management of traffic generated by tourists Theme 2: Current Tourism Development Stability of the county’s tourism economy Number of tourism businesses The amount of tourism commercial development Theme 3: Economic Impact Retail prices compared to other coastal resort communities Sales tax compared to other coastal resort communities Level of property taxes Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

11. Characteristics of Participants Home OwnershipN% Primary49658 Secondary36242 Cohorts within Second Homeowners N% Baby Boomer (1943-1960) 24868 Silent Generation (1925-1942) 11432 Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

12. Characteristics of Participants Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application 96%

13. Baby BoomersSilent Generation Highest Education N%N% Less than high school 1.400 High School or GED 166.554.5 2 year college/176.91311.7 Some college, but no degree 2610.61816.2 4-year college8835.83027.0 Post graduate9839.84540.5 Level of Education of Participants Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

14. Employment Characteristics of Participants Baby BoomersSilent Generation N%N% Full-time13354.3119.7 Part-time229.076.2 Own my own business 3413.9108.8 Looking for work 1.40.0 Retired4418.08272.6 Other114.532.7 Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

15. Baby BoomersSilent Generation N%N% $15,000-34,99910.566.5 $35,000-74,9992612.12830.4 $75,000-149,9998941.63538.0 $150,000-399,9998539.72122.8 >$400,000136.122.2 Annual Household Income of Participants

16. Theme 1: Accessibility VariableBaby Boomers Silent Generation P value MeanSDMeanSD Access to and from, the county during tourist season 2.04.932.08.87.35 Management of traffic generated by tourists 1.81.781.99.88.60 Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application 1=Not Satisfied 2= Somewhat Satisfied 3= Satisfied 4=Highly Satisfied

17. Theme 2: Current Tourism Development VariableBaby BoomersSilent GenerationP value MeanSDMeanSD Number of tourism businesses 2.47.792.53.76.49 Stability of the county’s tourism economy 2.45.772.48.84.34 Amount of tourism commercial development 2.39.882.46.88.80 Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application 1=Not Satisfied 2= Somewhat Satisfied 3= Satisfied 4=Highly Satisfied

18. Theme 3: Economic Impact VariableBaby Boomers Silent Generation P value MeanSDMeanSD Retail prices compared to other coastal communities 2.67.752.73.72.34 Sales tax compared to other coastal resort communities 2.34.822.41.84.88 Level of property taxes2.39.942.43.96.67 Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application 1=Not Satisfied 2= Somewhat Satisfied 3= Satisfied 4=Highly Satisfied

19. Conclusion Majority (92%) of second homeowners in this community were within these two cohorts Life course theory may not be applicable –Caveat to theory, some views overlap cohorts Overall both cohorts were somewhat satisfied –Mean scores similar –Most satisfied-Economic Impact –Least satisfied- Accessibility Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

20. Limitations Secondary Data Analysis –Using Life Course Theory as a lens Low response rate –Incentive –Avoid over-surveyed communities Location specific –Unable to generalize Life course –Different life stages Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

21. Future Research Theories –Social exchange theory Variables –Related to quality of life Affordability of housing, cleanliness, recreational opportunities –Demographics Length of residency, business ownership, income, education level Cohort differences –Sustainable actions Include all members of household –Intra cohort –Longitudinal cohort study Location –Other amenity rich communities Home ownership –Primary vs. secondary Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

22. Application Satisfaction of second homeowners  tourist experiences Readiness of community for tourism development Consideration of cohorts when marketing –Since this study cannot be generalized Emerging market of Baby Boomers Three important factors to consider may be –Accessibility –Current Tourism Development –Economic Impact Background Methodology Results Conclusion Application

23. Questions? www.sustainabletourism.org