1. THE DIAPHRAGM TYLER POSTMAN

2. THE BASICS OF THE DIAPHRAGM It is part of the respiratory system It is found in the thoracic cavity or chest Separates the chest from the abdomen Is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle Controls air movement

3. ORIGIN OF THE DIAPHRAGM Three main parts Sternal Two muscle slips arising from the posterior surface back of the xiphoid process Costal The inner surfaces of the costal cartilages and adjacent proportions of the lower six ribs on either side Lumbar/Vertebral Arising from upper three lumbar vertebrae; forms the right & left crura & the arcuate ligaments

4. SHAPE AND STRUCTURE OF THE DIAPHRAGM Main parts are: Central Tendon Right & left crus Right & left dome Right and left crura (muscle columns that help attach the diaphragm)

5. OPENINGS IN THE DIAPHRAGM There are three openings The Aortic Is found between the crura, aorta, thoric duct, and azygos vein Esophageal Is found level to the T10 vertebra in some muscle fibers from the right crus Venal Caval Is found level to the T8 vertabra in the central tendon

6. FUNCTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM It controls the air intake and exhale for the lungs It contracts into a flat dome shape and this makes more room for the air which fills the lungs When relaxed, it decreases the volume and pushes out the air As it contracts it also pushes out the ribs which also allows for more air

7. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The diaphragm is part of the respiratory system This is due to the fact that it aids in the breathing process Without the diaphragm we would not be able to breath It is the most important muscle in the entire respiratory system

8. MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM Diaphragmatic Hernia Is a birth defect where there is an opening in the diaphragm which allows the abdominal organs into the chest cavity near the lungs Symptoms can be: Bluish colored skin (from lack of oxygen), fast breathing, or fast heart rate This can be treated by surgery to put the abdominal organs back in their place and to close he opening in the diaphragm

9. MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM A - Plain X-ray of the thorax of a newborn with diaphragmatic hernia. There are bowel loops into the left hemi- thorax, the mediastinum is displaced to the contralateral side and the space occupied by the lung is reduced. B - small bowel loops can be seen entering the thorax through the orifice. C - seen after reducing the contents of the hernia. D - At autopsy, extreme left lung hypoplasia and less severe right lung hypoplasia were discovered. Diaphragmatic Hernia Pictures

10. MALFUNCTIONS OF THE DIAPHRAGM Hiccups Is a involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm accompanied by the approximation of the vocal folds and closure of the glottis of the larynx. It is a common condition in normal individuals and occurs after eating or drinking as a result of gastric irritation of the vagus nerve endings. It can also be a symptom of disease such as pleurisy, peritonitis, pericarditis, or uremia.

11. SOURCES http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc06.html#full-d escription http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/respiratory_system.php http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5292/1265/ http://www.bmc.org/thoracicsurgery/diseasesandconditions-diaphragm.htm http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=File:Gray0391.jpg http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/298107-overview http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Respiratory_System_-_Diaphragm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001135.htm