1. Posterior abdominal wall
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Posterior abdominal wall
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consists of: fasciae, muscles and their vessels and spinal nerves. & several viscera : kidneys, suprarenal (adrenal) glands, pancreas, ureters

3. lumbar vertebrae five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.
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lumbar vertebrae
five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.
They are the largest segments of the vertebral column The lumbar vertebrae help support the weight of the body, and permit movement

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Iliac fossa
Last ribs

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6. Muscles: PSOAS MAJOR Morphology: is a long fusiform muscle Location:
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Muscles: PSOAS MAJOR
Morphology:
is a long fusiform muscle
Location:
on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis.
Junction:
It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas.
In less than 50 percent of human subjects, the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor.

7. Muscles: PSOAS MAJOR Origion:
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Muscles: PSOAS MAJOR
Origion:
transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae I-V.
Insertion
lesser trochanter of the femur.

8. Psoas minor Origion: the last thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae.
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Psoas minor
Origion: the last thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae.
Insertion:
iliopectineal eminence.

9. Iliacus Origion: iliac fossa on the interior side of the hip bone
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Iliacus
Origion: iliac fossa on the interior side of
the hip bone
Insertion:
lesser trochanter of the femur

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11. Quadratus lumborum Origin: from the lower border of the last rib
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Quadratus lumborum
Origin:
from the lower border of the last rib
by four small tendons from the apices
of the transverse processes of the
upper four lumbar vertebrae
Insertion:
the internal lip of the iliac crest
for about 5 cm.,

12. diaphragm is a dome-shaped musculofibrous septum
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diaphragm
is a dome-shaped musculofibrous septum
separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity,
Its peripheral part consists of muscular fibers that take origin from the circumference of the inferior thoracic aperture and converge to be inserted into a central tendon.

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Part Origin
The muscular fibers may be grouped according to their origins into three parts:
Sternal:
two muscular slips from the back of the xiphoid process.
Costal:
The inner surfaces of the cartilages and adjacent portions of the lower six ribs on either side, interdigitating with the Transversus abdominis.
Lumbar:
Aponeurotic arches, named the lumbocostal arches, and from the lumbar vertebrae by two pillars or crura.
There are two lumbocostal arches, a medial and a lateral, on either side.

14. Crura and central tendon
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Crura and central tendon
At their origins the crura(crus) are tendinous in structure
The retrocrural area is the area behind the crus of the diaphragm.
The central tendon of the diaphragm is a thin but strong aponeurosis situated near the center of the vault formed by the muscle

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Diaphragm

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Blood supply

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19. Thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia
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Thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia
Is a deep investing membrane
covers the deep muscles of the back of the trunk
It is made up of three layers, anterior, middle, and posterior. The anterior layer is the thinnest
The posterior layer is the thickest.
Two spaces are formed between these three layers of the fascia.
Between the anterior and middle layer lies the quadratus lumboru muscle.
The erector spinae muscle is enclosed between the middle and posterior layers.

20. to the spines of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae The middle layer
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The posterior layer
to the spines of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae
The middle layer
is attached medially to the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
The anterior layer covers quadratus lumborum

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Urinary System
Kidneys: Kidneys are retroperitoneal. Lie against posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebral column. Generally lie adjacent to upper three lumbar vertebrae.

23. Relation of kidney( ant.)
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Relation of kidney( ant.)

24. Relation of kidney( pos.)
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Relation of kidney( pos.)
Diaphragm
Transversus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major

25. Renal fascia or Gerota's fascia
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Renal fascia or Gerota's fascia
Ant. Layer of renal fascia(fascia of Toldt)
lateroconal fascia
Pos. Layer of renal fascia(Zuckerkandl's fascia))

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27. kidney Subdivisions: Cortex. Medulla with renal pyramids Pelvis
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kidney
Subdivisions:
Cortex.
Medulla with renal pyramids
Pelvis
major and minor calyces (calyx)

28. Blood supply of kidney Right and left renal arteries:
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Blood supply of kidney
Right and left renal arteries:
Right is longer than the left.
Extrahilar arteries
Right and left renal veins:
Left is longer than the right

29. Ureter is a continuation of the pelvis.
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Ureter
is a continuation of the pelvis.
Descends retroperitoneally on the anterior surface of the psoas major.
Passes anterior to bifurcation of common iliac.

30. Blood supply of ureters
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Blood supply of ureters

31. Suprarenal (adrenal) glands:
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Suprarenal (adrenal) glands:
Lie against posterior abdominal wall on superior poles of kidneys. Arterial supply: Superior suprarenal arteries: From inferior phrenic artery. Middle suprarenal artery: From abdominal aorta. Inferior suprarenal arteries: From renal artery

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Venous drainage:
Right suprarenal vein to inferior vena cava. Left suprarenal vein to renal vein.

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