1. Cells and Cell Systems
Tissues

2. What are tissues?
Tissues are groups of cells that perform the same function and have a similar structure.

3. What are organs?
Organs are large structures composed of different types of tissues; ex--heart

4. What are organ systems?
Organ systems are groups of organs that have a related function; ex—circulatory system

5. What are the four types of tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

6. Epithelial Tissue
Includes skin and the linings of the respiratory and digestive systems
Provides protection, secrete fluids, absorbs nutrients and lubrication

7. Connective Tissues These tissues are different as they are like fibers
Protect from infection and injury
Contribute to growth and development
Store nutrients
Provide pigmentation
Allow for motion

8. Muscle Tissue This tissue is different in that it can contract
There are three types of muscle tissue
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

9. Nervous Tissue
This tissue enables the organism to sense its environment, move and respond

10. Structures: Smallest to Largest
Example
Molecule
Protein
Cell
Nerve Cell
Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Organ
Spinal Cord
Organ System
Nervous System

11. Digestive System: Organs
Stomach
Intestines
Liver
Esophagus
Pancreas
Gall Bladder

12. Digestive System: How it works
Food enters the mouth where saliva begins to work on it as it is chewed. It then travels to the esophagus to the stomach. Acids break the food down and allow nutrients to be absorbed.
Bloods absorbs most nutrients in the small intestines
The liver and gall bladder break down fats and the pancreas processes the sugar by making insulin
The unused food enters the large intestine and passes through as feces

13. Digestive System: Diseases
Ulcer
Reflux
Irritable bowel
Lactose Intolerance
Crohn’s Disease

14. MOUTH PHARYNX TONGUE ESOPHAGUS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM STOMACH PANCREAS
LIVER
GALL BLADDER
DESCENDING COLON
ASCENDING COLON
SMALL INTESTINE
RECTUM

15. Respiratory System: Organs
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs
Diaphragm
Bronchus

16. Respiratory System: How it works
The diaphragm expands down towards the intestines and causes air to flow through the larynx and trachea to the lungs
The air goes into the bronchus and is picked up by the circulatory system by the blood
The blood carries it to all cells of the body where it delivers oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide waste
The carbon dioxide is returned to the lungs where the diaphragm contracts forcing the lungs to push out the carbon dioxide

17. Respiratory System: Diseases
Asthma
Pneumonia
Cancer

18. Pharynx Throat Larynx Trachea Lung Bronchial Tubes Rib Cage Diaphragm
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Throat
Larynx
Trachea
Lung
Bronchial Tubes
Rib Cage
Diaphragm

19. Circulatory System: Organs
Heart
Arteries [carry blood away from the heart]
Veins [return blood to the heart]
Capillaries

20. Circulatory System: How it works
The atrium [upper heart] is the holding area for the blood. The blood enters by way of the veins, as a blue fluid.
The veins carry the oxygen through the body with each beat of the heart.
When the blood returns to the ventricles of the heart through the arteries, full of carbon dioxide.
The blood is sent to the lungs to get rid of the carbon dioxide and to get more oxygen.

21. Circulatory System: Diseases
Heart Attack
Stroke
High blood pressure
Cholesterol

22. Deoxygenated Blood to Lungs Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Oxygenated Blood to body
Auxiliary Artery
Inferior Vena Cava
Heart
Aorta
Oxygenated Blood from lungs
Femoral Artery & Vein
Deoxygenated Blood from body

23. Nervous System: Organs
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves

24. Nervous System: How it works
The brain sends out a message, which travels though the spinal cord to individual nerves.
The nerves in a part of the body react to these messages.
The body can send the message back to the brain where it is processed.

25. Nervous System: 3 Systems
Central Nervous System: this system is made up of the brain and spinal cord is the center of the control and coordination of your body
Peripheral Nervous System: this system included the nerves that reach the outer parts of your body
Automatic Nervous System: nerves near the center of your body which controls automatic processes

26. Nervous System: Diseases
Parkinson’s Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Aneurysm
Brain injuries
Spinal cord injuries

27. Parietal Lobe of Cerebrum Front Lobe of Cerebrum
Corpus Callosum
Occipital Lobe of Cerebrum
Pituitary Gland
Temporal Lobe of Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Spinal Cord

28. Brain Terms
Cerebellum - the part of the brain below the back of the cerebrum. It regulates balance, posture, movement, and muscle coordination.
Corpus Callosum - a large bundle of nerve fibers that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres. In the lateral section, it looks a bit like a "C" on its side.
Frontal Lobe of the Cerebrum - the top, front regions of each of the cerebral hemispheres. They are used for reasoning, emotions, judgment, and voluntary movement.
Medulla Oblongata - the lowest section of the brainstem (at the top end of the spinal cord); it controls automatic functions including heartbeat, breathing, etc.
Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum - the region at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that contains the centers of vision and reading ability (located at the back of the head).
Parietal Lobe of the Cerebrum - the middle lobe of each cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes; it contains important sensory centers (located at the upper rear of the head).

29. Brain Terms
Pituitary Gland - a gland attached to the base of the brain (located between the Pons and the Corpus Callosum) that secretes hormones.
Pons - the part of the brainstem that joins the hemispheres of the cerebellum and connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum. It is located just above the Medulla Oblongata.
Spinal Cord - a thick bundle of nerve fibers that runs from the base of the brain to the hip area, running through the spine (vertebrae).
Temporal Lobe of the Cerebrum - the region at the lower side of each cerebral hemisphere; contains centers of hearing and memory (located at the sides of the head).