1. Lesson 5 N ATIONAL T RAFFIC I NCIDENT M ANAGEMENT (TIM) R ESPONDER T RAINING P ROGRAM LAW ENFORCEMENT | FIRE | EMS | TRANSPORTATION TOWING & RECOVERY | COMMUNICATIONS

2. Lesson 5 Lesson 5: Scene Safety 5-1

3. Lesson 5 Lesson Objectives At the conclusion of this lesson, participants will be able to: 1.Describe how emergency vehicle markings can improve scene safety 2.Describe recommendations for emergency- vehicle lighting as set forth in the MUTCD 3.Describe high-visibility safety apparel requirements for incident responders 5-2

4. Lesson 5 Emergency Vehicle Markings 5-3

5. Lesson 5 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standards NFPA1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus (2009) NFPA 1917 – Standard for Automotive Ambulances (2013) At least 50% of the rear vertical surfaces of the apparatus shall be equipped with 6 inch (minimum) retroreflective striping, alternating yellow and red, in a chevron pattern sloping downward and away from the centerline of the vehicle at an angle of 45° 5-4

6. Lesson 5 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standards NFPA1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus (2009) NFPA 1917 – Standard for Automotive Ambulances (2013) Any door of the apparatus have at least 96 in 2 (60 in 2 for vertically hinged doors on ambulances)of retroreflective material affixed to the inside of the door A 4 inch retroreflective stripe be affixed to at least 50% of the cab and body length on each side and at least 25% of the width of the front of the apparatus 5-5

7. Lesson 5 Fire Apparatus Vehicle Markings Photos Courtesy of the City of Oak Creek Fire Department (WI) 5-6

8. Lesson 5 Law Enforcement Vehicle Markings 5-7

9. Lesson 5 Law Enforcement Vehicle Markings – New Vs. Old 5-8

10. Lesson 5 Safety Service Patrol Vehicle Markings 5-9

11. Lesson 5 Emergency-Vehicle Lighting 5-10

12. Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6I.05 – Use of Emergency-Vehicle Lighting Though essential for safety, use of too many lights at an incident scene can be distracting and can create confusion for approaching road users 5-11

13. Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6I.05 – Use of Emergency-Vehicle Lighting Too much lighting also makes it difficult to see other responders operating around vehicles 5-12

14. Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6I.05 – Use of Emergency-Vehicle Lighting 5-13

15. Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6I.05 – Use of Emergency-Vehicle Lighting Once good traffic control is established, the MUTCD recommends reducing the amount of emergency-vehicle lighting – Public safety agencies should examine their policies on the use of emergency- vehicle lighting with the intent of reducing the use of this lighting as much as possible while not endangering those at the scene 5-14

16. Lesson 5 Student Activity  5-15

17. Lesson 5 Student Activity  What impact did forward-facing lights have? 5-16

18. Lesson 5 Responder Visibility MUTCD Section 6D.03 states: All workers, including emergency responders, within the right-of-way of a roadway who are exposed either to traffic (vehicles using the highway for purposes of travel) or to work vehicles and construction equipment SHALL wear high- visibility safety apparel… 5-17

19. Lesson 5 Driver Reaction and Stopping Distances At 60 mph: Vehicle travels 88 feet/second Reaction distance is 132 feet Total stopping distance is 359 feet Low beam headlights only illuminate160 feet ahead of the vehicle 5-18

20. Lesson 5 Typical U.S. Crash Scene 5-19

21. Lesson 5 Emergency Responder High-Visibility Safety Apparel Must meet, and be labeled as meeting one of two standards: – ANSI/ISEA 107, Standard Performance for: Class II Class III – ANSI/ISEA 207, Public Safety Vests 5-20

22. Lesson 5 ANSI 107 Class II Safety Vest 5-21

23. Lesson 5 ANSI 107 Class III Safety Vest – Has Sleeves 5-22

24. Lesson 5 ANSI 107 Class II VestANSI 207 Public Safety Vest ANSI 107 vs. ANSI 207 Note shorter length to allow access to items on belt 5-23

25. Lesson 5 Shortcoming of Wearing No Vest! 5-24

26. Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6D.03 Exceptions Firefighters or other responders engaged in emergency operations that directly expose them to flame, fire, heat, and/or hazardous materials 5-25

27. Lesson 5 MUTCD Section 6D.03 Exceptions Law enforcement when actively engaged in potentially confrontational law enforcement activities (i.e., tactical operations) 5-26

28. Lesson 5 Need a Vest Policy? “If your feet are on the street, your vest is on your chest!” 5-27

29. Lesson 5 End of Service Life According to FHWA and the American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA), high-visibility safety apparel should be replaced when it becomes: – Not visible at 1,000 feet day or night – Faded – Soiled – Torn – Worn – Dirty – Defaced 5-28

30. Lesson 5 TIM Timeline 5-29

31. Lesson 5 Lesson Objectives Review 1.Describe how emergency vehicle markings can improve scene safety 2.Describe recommendations for emergency- vehicle lighting as set forth in the MUTCD 3.Describe high-visibility safety apparel requirements for incident responders 5-30