1. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Sauret C, Bascou J, de Saint Rémy N, Pillet H, Vaslin P, Lavast F. Assessment of field rolling resistance of manual wheelchairs. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(1):63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050JSP Assessment of field rolling resistance of manual wheelchairs Christophe Sauret, PhD; Joseph Bascou, MS; Nicolas de Saint Rémy, PhD; Hélène Pillet, PhD; Philippe Vaslin, PhD; François Lavaste, PhD

2. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Sauret C, Bascou J, de Saint Rémy N, Pillet H, Vaslin P, Lavast F. Assessment of field rolling resistance of manual wheelchairs. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(1):63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050JSP Study Aim – Develop simple method for assessing subject-specific manual wheelchair (MWC) rolling resistance in clinical practice. Relevance – Effect of resistance on mechanical efficiency of MWC propulsion can decrease users' mobility, with potential risks pain and injuries.

3. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Sauret C, Bascou J, de Saint Rémy N, Pillet H, Vaslin P, Lavast F. Assessment of field rolling resistance of manual wheelchairs. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(1):63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050JSP Methods Using 3D accelerometer measurements during field deceleration tests with artificial load, we determined MWC rolling resistance properties. – Tested 3 types of front casters and 4 types of rear wheels on both hard smooth surface and carpet. Rear wheel rolling resistance parameter (fore-aft length between theoretical and real centers of pressure during rolling). R r is ground reaction force applied on rear wheel.

4. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Sauret C, Bascou J, de Saint Rémy N, Pillet H, Vaslin P, Lavast F. Assessment of field rolling resistance of manual wheelchairs. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(1):63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050JSP Results We confirmed higher rolling resistance of: – Solid tires on rear wheels vs pneumatic tires. – Front casters vs rear wheels. – Carpet vs hard smooth surface. Our method showed acceptable accuracy on both tested surfaces.

5. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Sauret C, Bascou J, de Saint Rémy N, Pillet H, Vaslin P, Lavast F. Assessment of field rolling resistance of manual wheelchairs. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(1):63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050JSP Results Rolling resistance parameter values of front and rear wheels according to wheel types on hard smooth and carpet surfaces. These resistance parameter values can then be used in the mechanical model to access the rolling resistance sustained by a user.

6. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Sauret C, Bascou J, de Saint Rémy N, Pillet H, Vaslin P, Lavast F. Assessment of field rolling resistance of manual wheelchairs. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(1):63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050 Slideshow Project DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2011.03.0050JSP Conclusions Carpet and solid tires should be avoided to improve MWC users’ mobility and accessibility and decrease their pain and injury risks. Our easy-to-implement method should: – Help clinicians choose a MWC, its wheels, and its adjustments based on patient and environment. – Guide MWC manufacturers during product development. – Illustrate how architects can enhance accessibility of buildings. – Decrease rolling resistance sustained by MWC users in daily life.