1. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Today Tuesday Consolidation Reading: CD Ch.s 8, 9, & 10 Modeling & Interpretation CS 321 Human-Computer Interaction Reading: CD ch. 5, 6, & 7

2. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Interesting Interfaces

3. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Visualization & Interpretation Contextual Inquiry provides abundant amounts of “RAW DATA” Field notes from observations and interviews. Data must be organized for understanding Build a shared understanding of what aspects of work matter and how they are related Shared with who?

4. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Work Models Language for work Formal Language for recognizing work elements and their relationships

5. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Modeling for Visibility & Interpretation Organizes the data and emphasizes relationships Creates a shared vision Very important for “x-func” team (cross functional) Creates a group memory

6. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Teamwork: Working-on-the-Wall Models are created as a team Working-on-the-Wall Everyone contributes Enhances group commitment Drives the team consensus Put Models up Each Team Meeting Team is immersed in the data Video: Example of Working on the WallExample of Working on the Wall

7. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Running an Interpretation Session One set of models for each user interviewed Focus on one customer at a time Team Roles & Team Process Interviewer uses field notes to walk the team through the interview/observation Work modelers construct the models while the session is going on Participants raise the questions and make suggestions about the models’ construction Moderator keeps the session on focus and makes sure everyone has an opportunity to contribute Recorder keeps track of questions, insights, and design ideas Rat-hole watcher stops non-relevant discussion

8. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Types of Work Models Flow Model Communication & Coordination Sequence Model Detailed work steps Artifact Model Physical elements created to support work Culture model Constraints created by policy, culture, values Physical Model Physical structure of work environment

9. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. The Flow Model How people’s roles are defined and how they communicate/coordinate Pattern of work Elements of the Language Individuals Person or group, annotated with the roles they play (interviewee is noted with a number & title) Bubbles Responsibilities List of expectations Placed in bubble Flow Communication Arrows

10. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. The Flow Model Elements of Language (cont.) Artifacts Items created to support the work Boxes on flow Communication topic Details of flow Listed on arrows Places Areas where work gets done. Shown only when it is central to the flow Large Box annotated with name and activity Breakdowns Problems on flow Large Lightning Bolt

11. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Flow Model Example

12. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. The Sequence Model Steps by which work is done, triggers that activate steps, and intents hat are being accomplished. Pattern of work Elements Intent – Expectations of sequence Trigger – What activates the sequence Steps – Actions taken Order – Arrows, loops, branches, connecting steps Breakdowns – Problems in performing the steps

13. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Sequence Model Example Trigger: Return to the office Scan Message list for important message – Use sender subject Choose urgent message Read message about unhappy user Decide more info needed Make phone call Leave phone message File in phone folder See list of messages Choose message 9: subject indicates University news relevant to department Read message Delete message See message 10 automatically Read message 10 Intent: Plug in Intent: Handle emergencies Had to put off issue of unhappy user Intent: Get back to people easily

14. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. The Artifact Model Artifacts are items used to support the work. They have structure, content, usage, and intent An artifact model is a drawing, photocopy, or actual artifact annotated with details Elements Information – Content Parts – Which are distinct in their usage Structure – of parts, explicit and implicit Annotations – of informal usage Presentation – form of content when it is integral to function Usage – when is it created, how it is used, how people move through its parts Breakdowns – Problems in using the artifact

15. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Artifact Model Example

16. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. The Cultural Model “ Cultural context is the mindset that people operate within and that plays a part in everything they do” p.108 Defines expectations, desires, and values Written and unwritten policies Elements Influences  affect and constrain work (Bubbles) Extent  the effect on the work (Bubble overlap) Influence  direction of influence (Arrows)

17. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Cultural Model Example Influencers Interviewer Type of Influence and Direction Extent of Influence: Bubble Overlap

18. ©2001 Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville All rights reserved. Physical Model Example Elements Places where work is done Structures that define spaces Usage and movement within the space Communication lines Layout of artifacts/tools