1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
General Requirements
Eye & Face Protection
Respiratory Protection
Head, Hand & Foot
Protection
Hearing Protection
Other Questions & Answers

2. Subpart I - Personal Protective Equip (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132-140)
Types of PPE:
Hard hats
Goggles
Face Shields
Steel-toed Shoes
Respirators
Aprons
Gloves
CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations
1910 is Part 1910, Occupational Safety & Health Standards for General Industry
.132 is the Section on Personal Protective Equipment

3. Other Types of PPE Personal protective equipment
can also include clothing...
… and accessories that put a
barrier against workplace hazards.

4. Selecting the Proper PPE For A Particular Job Should Include:
An in-depth evaluation of the equipment needed to protect employees against workplace hazards
Use of this information by management to set standard procedures for proper use of PPE
Development of employee training programs in the use and limitations of PPE
Procedures for the maintenance of PPE

5. Personal protective equipment should NOT
be used as a substitute for the use of:
engineering,
work practice, and
administrative control
of a process to ensure safety.

6. Wearing PPE doesn’t eliminate the hazard…
If equipment fails
exposure will occur.
Equipment must be properly
fitted and maintained in a
clean and serviceable condition
to reduce the possibility of
failure.

7. Employers and employees must understand the
equipment’s purpose … and its limitations.
Equipment must not be
altered or removed even
though it may be
uncomfortable.
It may simply not fit properly.

8. PPE - General Requirements (1910.132)
Employers must ensure that PPE is:
provided,
used, and
maintained
in a sanitary and reliable condition
wherever it is necessary to prevent injury.
The body must be protected from hazards caused by absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

9. PPE - General Requirements (1910.132)
Many hazards can
threaten the torso:
Heat
Splashes (from hot
metals & liquids)
Impacts
Cuts
Acids
Radiation
A variety of protective clothing is available: Vests, Jackets,
Aprons, Coveralls and Full Body Suits.

10. PPE - General Requirements (1910.132)
Employers must assure employee-owned equipment is adequate, maintained and sanitized
PPE must be of safe design and construction for the work performed
Employers will do a hazard assessment of the workplace and determine types of PPE needed for the job
Employers must certify in writing that a workplace hazard assessment was performed

11. PPE - General Requirements (1910.132)
Defective or damaged PPE shall not be used
Employees who use PPE must be trained to know:
what types of PPE are necessary,
when it must be used,
how it is to be worn,
what its limitations are, and
how to properly care for, maintain, and dispose
of it. (And know how long it can be used.)

12. PPE - General Requirements (1910.132)
Employers are required to certify in writing that employees have received PPE training - and that employees understand the training
Each written certification shall contain:
-- Name of employee trained
-- Date(s) of training
-- Subject trained

13. PPE - General Requirements (1910.132)
PPE retraining is required when:
Changes in the workplace make previous training obsolete
Changes in the types of PPE to be used make previous training obsolete
Employees do not understand the training
Employees do not retain the training
Once again, written certification is required

14. Eye & Face Protection (1910.133)
Required where there is reasonable probability of
preventing injury when such equipment is used.
Must be provided by employers
Must also be worn by supervisors, management,
visitors, etc.
Must be a type of protection suitable for the
work to be performed
Protectors must be marked to distinctly identify
the manufacturer

15. Eye & Face Protection (1910.133)
Protectors must meet the following minimum
requirements:
Provide adequate protection against a particular hazard
Be reasonably comfortable when worn under
the designated conditions
Fit snugly without interfering with movement or
vision of the wearer
Be durable
Be capable of being disinfected
Be easy to clean - and kept clean
Be in good repair

16. Eye & Face Protection (1910.133)
Equipment shall be used with filter lenses that
have a shade number appropriate for the work
being performed (to protect against light
radiation injuries).

17. OSHA and the National
Society to Prevent Blindness
recommend emergency
eyewash stations be placed
in all hazardous locations.
First-aid instructions should be
posted close to potential danger
spots (and delay can result in
lasting eye damage).

18. Eye & Face Protection - Selection
Persons wearing corrective
eyewear must wear face shields,
goggles or spectacles of one of
the following types:
Spectacles with protective lenses
providing optical correction
Goggles worn over corrective
spectacles without disturbing
the adjustment of the spectacles
Goggles that incorporate corrective
lenses mounted behind the
protective lenses

19. Eye & Face Protection - Selection
Eyewear limitations &
precautions specified by
the manufacturer should
be:
-- strictly observed
-- communicated to the
user

20. Eye & Face Protection
The fitting of goggles & safety spectacles should be done by a person skilled in the procedure.
Lenses of eye protectors must be kept clean.
Daily inspection and cleaning of eye protectors is recommended.
Pitted lenses reduce vision and should be replaced.
Headbands should be checked for elasticity and replaced if worn-out or torn.
Goggles & spectacles should be kept in a case when not worn.

21. Employees who are assigned
personal protective equipment for extended periods
of time should keep that equipment cleaned and
disinfected regularly.
PPE that has been previously
used should be disinfected
before it is issued to another
employee.

22. Respiratory Protection - 1910.134
OSHA standards require employers to establish and maintain
a respiratory protective program whenever respirators are
necessary to protect the health of employees.
Three classes of respiratory protective devices:
Air-purifying
Atmosphere- or air-supplying
Combination air-purifying & air-supplying

23. Class 1 - Air-Purifying Devices
Clean contaminated atmosphere
Use chemical filters to remove specific gases
and vapors before they are inhaled
Use is limited to those environments where the
air contaminant level is within specified
limits of the filter (device)
Do not protect against oxygen deficiency (the
atmosphere where the percentage of
oxygen by volume is less than 19.5%
oxygen)

24. Class 1 - Air-Purifying Devices
Types include:
Mechanical-filter cartridge
Chemical-cartridge
Combination mechanical-filter/
chemical-filter cartridge
Gas masks
Powered air-purifying respirators

25. Class 1 - Air-Purifying Devices
Filter/cartridges provide some protection from:
Airborne particulates
Dust
Mist
Metal fumes
Smoke
Low concentrations of gases & vapors

26. Class 1 - Air-Purifying Devices
GAS MASKS
provide respiratory protection against certain gases,
vapors and particulate matter
designed solely to remove specific contaminants
have restricted usage
must be used with sufficient oxygen to support life
may be used for escape only (from atmospheres that
are immediately dangerous to life or health) but
never for entry into such environments
are color-coded to specify use

27. Class 1 - Air-Purifying Devices
POWERED AIR-PURIFYING
RESPIRATORS
protect against particulates, gases and vapors or
particulates AND gases AND vapors (all of these)
use filters, chemical cartridge, both, or a canister
uses a powered source to blow air across the air-cleaning
element (supplying purified air to the respirator)

28. Class 2 - Atmosphere- or Air-Supplying Devices
Provide atmosphere independent of
ambient air
Three groups:
Supplied-air respirators
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
Combination SCBA & supplied-air respirators

29. Class 3 - Combination Air-Purifying & Atmosphere-Supplying Devices
Provides protection if air
supply fails.
Available in continuous-flow or pressure-demand flow
Most often used with high-efficiency filter as the
air purifying element
Use in the filtering mode is allowed for escape only
These respirators recommended for asbestos work

30. Respiratory Protection - 1910.134
Standard operating procedures must be written for the selection, use and care of respirators
Respirators must be selected based on the hazards to which the worker is exposed
The individual issuing the respirator must be trained to insure the proper respirator is issued
To select the correct respirator, many factors must be considered: type of hazard, location, employee’s health, work activity, & respirator characteristics, capabilities and limitations

31. Respiratory Protection - 1910.134
The user must be trained in selection, use and maintenance of the respirator
Every respirator user shall receive instructions and demonstrations - with practice - in wearing, adjusting and fitting the respirator properly
Respirators will be cleaned and disinfected regularly (each day, or more often, if necessary)
Respirators will be stored in a “convenient, clean, and sanitary location” (to assure it functions properly when used)

32. Respiratory Protection - 1910.134
Routinely inspect respirators during cleaning and replace worn and/or deteriorated parts
Respirators for emergency uses shall be thoroughly inspected at least once a month and after each use
Work area surveillance to determine the degree of employee exposure or stress will be performed
The respirator program will be regularly inspected and evaluated for effectiveness

33. Respiratory Protection - 1910.134
Approved or accepted respirators shall be used when they are available
Respirators are approved as a whole unit with specific components
OSHA recognizes a respirator as approved if it has been jointly approved by:
-- NIOSH
-- Mine Safety & Health Administration
(MSHA)

34. Respiratory Protection - 1910.134
Finally:
Employees will not be assigned to tasks requiring respirators unless they are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment
A physician shall determine the employee’s health and physical conditions pertinent to wearing respirators (Medical status will be reviewed periodically)

35. Head Protection - 1910.135 Head injuries are caused by falling or
flying objects, or by bumping the head
Head Protection - protective hats -
must do 2 things:
-- Resist penetration
-- Absorb the shock of a blow
Protective hats are also used to protect against
electrical shock.

36. Head Protection - 1910.135 Types and classes:
Type 1 - Helmets, full brim, not less
than 1 and 1/4 inches wide
Type 2 - Helmets, no brim, with a
peak extending forward from the
crown
Class A - General Service, limited
voltage protection

37. Head Protection - 1910.135 Types and classes:
Class B - Utility Service, high-
voltage helmets
Class C - Special Service, no-
voltage protection
Firefighters must have head
protection with ear flaps &
chin strap meeting (e)(5)

38. Class A Helmets Intended to protect against impact hazards.
Used in: Mining
Construction
Shipbuilding
Tunneling
Lumbering
and
Manufacturing

39. Class B Helmets Protect the wearer’s head from impact
and penetration by falling or flying
objects and from high-voltage shock
and burn.
Used extensively by electrical
workers.

40. Class C Helmets Designed for lightweight comfort & impact protection.
Usually made from aluminum
and offers no dielectric
protection.
Used in: Construction
Manufacturing
Oil fields
Refineries
Chemical plants

41. Head Protection - 1910.135 Materials used in helmets should be
-- Water-resistant
-- Slow burning
Each helmet consists of a shell and suspension
Ventilation is provided by a space between the
headband and shell

42. Head Protection
Helmets should come with instructions explaining
the proper method of adjusting and replacing
the suspension and headband
The manufacturer’s name, ANSI designation, and
class type should be inside the helmet’s shell
The shell should be one-piece, seamless, and designed
to resist the impact of falling material
Headband/sweatband material must not irritate skin
All components should be visually inspected daily (for
dents, cracks, penetration, etc.)

43. Hand Protection
Employers shall select and require employees to use
appropriate hand protection when employee’s hands
are exposed to hazards - such as:
Skin absorption of harmful substances
Severe cuts or lacerations
Severe abrasions
Punctures
Chemical burns
Thermal burns
Harmful temperature extremes

44. Employers need to determine what hand protection
their employees need.
How? Study work
activities to determine:
Dexterity required
Duration,
Frequency &
Degree of exposure
to hazards
and
Physical stresses applied
Also, know the performance characteristics of gloves to a
specific hazard

45. Hand Protection
Before purchasing gloves, employers should request
documentation from the manufacturer that gloves
meet appropriate test standards for the anticipated
hazard
(Example: Chemical hazard, determine toxic
properties of the chemical and the ability
of the chemical to pass through the glove
Protective devices should be selected to fit the job
Employees should know the limitations of the glove-
type they use

46. Gloves should be the
RIGHT TYPE for the job you are doing
RIGHT FIT - not too loose, not too tight &
allow for quick removal
IN GOOD CONDITION
(always check for cracks, holes,
good flexibility and grip. Keep
gloves clean and in good condition.)

47. Foot Protection - 1910.136 Foot guards, safety shoes, boots
or leggings protect from:
-- Falling or rolling objects
-- Sharp objects
-- Molten metal
-- Hot surfaces
and
-- Wet, slippery surfaces
Safety shoes should be sturdy and have an impact-resistant toe.

48. Foot Protection
Leggings protect the lower leg and feet from molten metal
or welding sparks
Heat-resistant soled shoes protect against hot surfaces
Foot guards (Aluminum alloy, fiberglass, or galvanized steel)
can be worn over work shoes, BUT may catch on
something and cause workers to trip
In some shoes, metal insoles protect against puncture wounds
Safety shoes and boots come in a variety of styles and materials

49. The SAFETY SHOE has protective
features you need to do your job safely:
Ankle Snug
(to prevent sparks
from getting
inside shoe)
Instep Protection (Made
of Aluminum, Steel,
Fiber or Plastic)
Steel Toe
Insulation
(against heat or cold,
waterproof & chemical-resistant)
Special Materials
(Soles made of either leather,
rubber, cord or wood)
Puncture Protection
(With spring steel in sole)

50. Foot Protection
Safety footwear is classified by ability to meet
minimum requirements for compression &
impact tests.
Protective footwear purchased prior to July 5, 1994
must comply with ANSI Z , USA
Standard for Men’s Safety-Toe Footwear
Protective footwear purchased after July 5, 1994
must comply with ANSI Z , American
National Standard for Personal Protection-
Protective Footwear

51. Hearing Protection - 1910.95 Hearing loss Impairment Physical stress
Exposure to high levels of noise can cause:
Hearing loss
Impairment
Physical stress
Psychological stress
Permanent hearing damage
There is no cure for noise-induced hearing loss --
prevention is the only way to avoid hearing damage.

52. Hearing Protection
Types of ear protection available include:
-- Preformed or molded ear plugs
-- Cotton,
Foam or
Fiberglass earplugs
-- Earmuffs
Plain cotton earplugs are ineffective as protection against
hazardous noise.
Non-disposable earplugs should be cleaned after each use.

53. Earmuffs need a perfect seal around
the ear to be effective.
Glasses...
… sideburns,
long hair,
facial movements, such as chewing
… all can reduce hearing protection.

54. For extremely
noisy situations...
… earplugs and earmuffs should be worn.
When used together, earplugs & earmuffs change the
nature of sounds … reducing all of them.

55. PPE - Other Questions & Answers

56. HOUR 5 QUIZ . 4. Electrical workers use this Class of
1. Eye and face protectors must meet helmet extensively:
all but one of the following requirements: a. Class A
a. Be durable b. Class B
b. Be comfortable in all conditions c. Class C
c. Be in good repair d. Class D
d. Provide adequate protection against e. Almost any class can be used
a particular hazard
e. Be easy to clean Gloves should be:
a. Right type, right fit, and in
2. First aid instructions should be posted good condition
close to potential danger spots b. Right type, right fit, and
True________ False________ worn in well to do the work
safely
3. Goggles and spectacles should be c. Custom made for the user
kept in a case when not worn d. Be capable of meeting
True________ False________ manufacturer’s test standards
for the anticipated hazard
e. Both a and b above
f. Both a and d above

57. Hour 5 Quiz - Answers 1. B. 2. True. 3. True. 4. B.
5. F. (Both A and D are correct)