1. Abiotic Diseases? Weather –Temperature extremes –Moisture extremes Chemical –Herbicides –Excess fertilizer –Nutrient deficiencies Air Pollutants

2. Miscellaneous “Abiotics” Bromacil @ Oaks Herbicide Damage Zn Deficiency Pecan Remove the Tag! Acute SO 2 Damage Red Maple

3. Chemical “Burns” Borax toxicity @ septic field Chlorine damage: pines and waxmytle Fertilizer burn @ Eucalyptus

4. Arsenal Damage (pines) Irregular Growth “tufting” Darkened pith in oaks

5. Saltwater Damage (Hurricane) Pines Waxmyrtle

6. Freeze Damage – Live Oak Branch “Flagging” associated with longitudinal bark fissuring.

7. Urbanization Decline

8. Urbanization Stupidity Wrap tie left in place – stem “girdling” Plasticized ball wrap left in place – root injury

9. Pine Chlorosis & Decline ph related micronutrient deficiency (Mn, Fe) Disruption of mycorrhizal symbiosis

10. Rabbit Damage

11. Diagnosing “Abiotics” Think! Ask Questions Consider Circumstances Think! Remember: Patterns, Timing, and Broad Spectrum Damages