1. Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences P. Hanák National Office for Research and Technology hanak@nkth.gov.hu F. Vajda Computer and Automation Research Institute vajda@sztaki.hu

2. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences2 Example 1: National Information Infrastructure Development (1) Initiated/founded in 1986 –Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) –Ministry of Education (MoE) –Committee for Technological Development (NCTD) Directed by several boards: –Strategic (or Programme) Committee –Operative Committee –Technical Committee Managed by the (professional) NIID-office (NIIDO) –Since 2000: independent legal entity Operated by a network of engineers at end-user institutes

3. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences3 Example 1: National Information Infrastructure Development (2) Financing In the early years, by the three founders Problem: new users from other sectors, e.g. health, agriculture Later, by a “coalition” of financing bodies of end-user institutes Problem: reluctance in paying the yearly contribution 2000/3: central budget via MoE + 10% from end-user institutes Problem: sharp competition for resources within MoE 2004-: central budget via Min. of Telecomm. and Informatics + 10% contribution Advantage: - small ministry, less competition - infrastructure development is top-priority

4. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences4 Example 1: National Information Infrastructure Development (3) Conclusion Top-down approach from the beginning Proved model of operation, based on coalition, cooperation and professional management Financing –early infrastructure development phase: mostly central budget + low user contribution –advanced infrastructure development phase: increasing user contribution, decreasing support from central budget –mature phase: information infrastructure to be regarded as more conventional infrastructures (water, electricity, gas, etc.) –project-based support for R&D activity is to be continued

5. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences5 Example 2: Grid projects in Hungary (1) Initiated by P. Kacsuk’s group as R&D projects in 2000 (background in parallel computing at HAS) Goal setting in a bottom-up approach –initially by this group –later also by other teams too (at NIIDO, several universities, etc.) Financing from several sources –national support for R&D projects in infocommunication technologies and applications –framework programmes of the European Union –targeted support from the Min. of Telecomm. and Informatics Strong synergy & mutual effect between national and EU-funded projects Coordination: Hungarian Grid Competence Centre (founded in 2003 by HAS, NIIDO and two universities)

6. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences6 Example 2: Grid projects in Hungary (2) 1. DemoGrid (contribution to the DataGrid project at CERN, 2001/2) 2. Virtual Supercomputer Service (2000/2) 3. Cluster programming technology and applications in meteorology (2000/2) 4. Hungarian Supercomputer Grid (2002/3) 5. ClusterGrid (2003/4) 6. Chemistry Grid (2003/4) 7. Hungarian Grid System (2003/5) 8. JiniGrid (2003/4) 9. Multiproc. & Grid technology in medical image processing (2003/5) 10. Unification of the SuperGrid and ClusterGrid systems (2004/5) … and more. References:

7. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences7 Example 2: Grid projects in Hungary (2) 1. DemoGrid (contribution to the DataGrid project at CERN, 2001/2) 2. Virtual Supercomputer Service (2000/2) 3. Cluster programming technology and applications in meteorology (2000/2) 4. Hungarian Supercomputer Grid (2002/3) 5. ClusterGrid (2003/4) 6. Chemistry Grid (2003/4) 7. Hungarian Grid System (2003/5) 8. JiniGrid (2003/4) 9. Multiproc. & Grid technology in medical image processing (2003/5) 10. Unification of the SuperGrid and ClusterGrid systems (2004/5) … and more. Grid infrastructur e (hw, mw)

8. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences8 Example 2: Grid projects in Hungary (2) 1. DemoGrid (contribution to the DataGrid project at CERN, 2001/2) 2. Virtual Supercomputer Service (2000/2) 3. Cluster programming technology and applications in meteorology (2000/2) 4. Hungarian Supercomputer Grid (2002/3) 5. ClusterGrid (2003/4) 6. Chemistry Grid (2003/4) 7. Hungarian Grid System (2003/5) 8. JiniGrid (2003/4) 9. Multiproc. & Grid technology in medical image processing (2003/5) 10. Unification of the SuperGrid and ClusterGrid systems (2004/5) … and more. Production Grids

9. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences9 Example 2: Grid projects in Hungary (2) 1. DemoGrid (contribution to the DataGrid project at CERN, 2001/2) 2. Virtual Supercomputer Service (2000/2) 3. Cluster programming technology and applications in meteorology (2000/2) 4. Hungarian Supercomputer Grid (2002/3) 5. ClusterGrid (2003/4) 6. Chemistry Grid (2003/4) 7. Hungarian Grid System (2003/5) 8. JiniGrid (2003/4) 9. Multiproc. & Grid technology in medical image processing (2003/5) 10. Unification of the SuperGrid and ClusterGrid systems (2004/5) … and more. Specific Grid applications

10. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences10 Example 2: Grid projects in Hungary (3) Conclusion Grid infrastructure development (ID) is going to overweight R&D Top-down approach should replace bottom-up approaches NIID-model should be applied for Grid ID management & financing –a programme committee (role: vision and goal setting) first step is done: a “Proposal for a Hungarian National Grid Programme” was compiled by the Hungarian Grid Competence Centre –a national Grid R&D and ID programme to draw a Grid landscape with well-specified components components are the basis of calls for project proposals –a technical committee (role: detailed development plan) –a managing office (role: implementation & operation)

11. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences11 Example 3: the Hungarian ClusterGrid project Started in 2002 by MoE as an ID project Goal: create new PC-labs at higher education institutes (20 PCs per lab at 100 sites), working in dual-regime –during the day the PCs are used by students –at other times the PCs form clusters in a homogeneous Grid, under Linux and Condor, connected as a VPN over NREN Status: up to now the ClusterGrid consists of 1000 PCs Financing: –initial investment was 4 M€ by MoE –maintenance and operation costs are ca. 0.25 M€/year, shared between NIIDO and the higher education institutes Grid computing is not necessarily very expensive.

12. Dublin, April 15, 2004Financial policy issues - Hungarian experiences12 Organisation and financing must go hand in hand.