1. CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS
SEABEE COMBAT
WARFARE
NMCB SPECIFIC
107
CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

2. Contingency Operations
References:
[a] COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST Rapid Runway Repair
[b] ABFC View Program,
[c] UT Basic Vol. 2, p 2-1
[d] CE Basic p 3-21
[e] FM 5-277, Bailey Bridge

3. Contingency Operations
[f] TM-08676A-23/2 Medium Girder Bridge, Marine Corps
[g] AFMAN , Vol. 4 Rapid Runway Repair Operations
[h] NAVEDTRA 14081, Equipment Operators Basic
[i] UFC Unified Facilities Criteria O&M Airfield Damage Repair

4. Contingency Operations
[j] CIN , Airfield Damage Repair Crew Training Guide
[k] Mabey Johnson User Manual
[l] Training Guide for Command Post Bunker S
[m] Training Guide for Observation Tower S
[n] Training Guide Heavy Construction 1 A

5. OVERVIEW Airfield Damage Repair (ADR) Methods of (ADR)
Battalion Tent Camp Layout
Camp Maintenance
Transportable Bridges
Heavy Timber Construction

6. Level I
A Level I schedule lists all of the projects assigned and contains a broad schedule for each project. The schedule also includes a planned rate of accomplishment for the entire deployment.

7. Level I
After the operations officer has balanced the estimated workload against the battalion’s manpower skills and equipment the Level I is submitted through the chain of command up to the Commanding Officer.
The level I is updated by the Operations Officer .

8. NCF LEVEL II Used by company CDRs, Ops Project specific
By master activity
Bi-weekly bar chart
Quick view of project progress
Planned progress verses actual progress curve
Sitrep input to S3 biweekly
Sitrep input to brigade monthly

9. NCF LEVEL II

10. Level III The following information is found on a Level III barchart.
Construction Activities
Start, finish and duration of each construction activity
Critical activities
Free Float

11. NCF Level III

12. Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.1
Describe the duties of the following Rapid Runway Repair (RRR)/ Airfield Damage Repair teams and state what type of equipment is necessary to perform their mission under Battle Damage repair (BDR)/RRR. [ref.a, ch. III]
MOS [Annex C]
DAT [Annex]
Crater/Spall [Annex E,F]

13. Airfield Damage Repair
The most important mission of the NCF after an airfield has been attacked.
Mission of an NMCB (as tasked by MEF)
Repair airfield pavement and facilities. Enables mission essential aircraft to launch and recover.

14. Airfield Damage Repair
Airfield Damage Repair Priorities
Damage Assessment
Rough Initial
Detailed
Establish an MOS (Minimum Operating Strip)
Temporary repair of taxiways and parking aprons
Establish secondary or back-up operating strips
Permanently repair all airstrips and taxiways

15. ADR Phases Airfield Damage Repair Planning Mobilization:
NMCB personnel and equipment ready for ADR on-site and other deployment sites
Pre-attack:
Staging and stockpiling operations
Post-attack:
Temporary repairs to runways and facilities
Airfield restoration:
Permanent repairs and expansion

16. Airfield Damage Repair
Training Requirements
46 personnel – E-6 & below ADR Level I
Crew leaders, DATs
20 personnel – E-5 & above ADR Level II
Command center personnel, crew chiefs, OIC/AOIC
6 personnel – E-6 & below Crete mobile
(All FOD cover crew leaders)
72 personnel total trained in battalion

17. ADR OPERATIONS Establish Station Command Center
Establish Battalion Command Center
Establish Damage assessment teams
Establish communications network
Survey Area (DAT)
Recommend Repairs to Air Ops
Make Repairs

18. Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.1
Describe the duties of the following Rapid Runway Repair (RRR)/ Airfield Damage Repair teams and state what type of equipment is necessary to perform their mission under Battle Damage repair (BDR)/RRR. [ref.a, ch. III]
MOS [Annex C]
DAT [Annex]
Crater/Spall [Annex E,F]

19. (MOS) Minimum Operating Strip
MOS- The launch and recovery surface selected for repair is called the minimum operating strip (MOS). The MOS is the area from which aircraft actually takeoff and land.
When a MOS is combined with access taxiways from aircraft staging areas such as shelters and parking ramps, the entire area becomes the minimum airfield operating surface (MAOS).

20. Battalion Liaison Officer MOS Selection Team (Primary & Alternate)
MOS Team
Battalion Liaison Officer
OIC
AOIC
MOS Selection Team (Primary & Alternate)
Team Chief
Selector
Plotter
Communicator

21. MOS Selection Team
1 – Receives information from damage assessment teams
2 – Plot ALL damage on runway map
3 – Maintain Status Boards
4 – Select new runway location
5 – Determine size of new runway
6 – Determine quality of repair for craters in new MOS

22. MOS Kit Transparent templates for marking MOS Plotting board
Critical resource charts
Transparent circle templates that match the airfield map scale
Markers, Pens, Pencils
Base map 1:4800 scale (1”=400’)
Air Field Map 1:1200 scale (1”=100’)

23. Damage Assessment Team
Responsible for ALL members on the Damage Assessment Team
Organizes & directs the team down the runway.
Receives all information from Damage Assessment Team members
Ensures ALL information is accurately transmitted to the MOS selection team.
5 members (1 EOD, 2 Public Works, 2 Seabees)

24. Damage Assessment Kit Marking tape Non-metallic tape measures
EOR forms
Maps (scale 1” = 100’)
Station
Airfield

25. Explosive Ordnance Reconnaissance Report
Type & Location
Grid Coordinates
Radiological Results
Descriptive information
Detailed Drawing of UXO
ELEVATION VIEW
CLOCK METHOD

26. ADR Factors
Aircraft Type and Load. Each aircraft has distinct characteristics (e.g., wing span, tire pressure, load capacity, braking mechanism.) Available Material. The type and quantity of material (e.g., backfill, crushed stone, fiberglass mat) available for a repair. Available Equipment. The type and quantity of CESE available for a repair. Time Constraints. The time allotted to accomplish the repairs before the first aircraft arrival or departure. Repair Crew Capability/Equipment/Manpower. The repair crew’s capacity for the task (e.g., experience, number of repair people, resource availability). Type of Damage Sustained

27. Airfield Damage ABFC P-36 RRR – Ref. Manual
Crater: is damage that penetrates through the pavement surface into the underlying base and subgrade soil uplifting the surrounding pavement and ejecting soil, rock, and pavement debris around the impact area. Craters represent much more severe damage than spalls.
Large craters: diameter equal to or greater than 4.57 m (15 ft). Small craters: diameter less than 4.57 m (15 ft).
ABFC P-36 RRR – Ref. Manual
Spall: is damage that does not penetrate through the pavement surface to the underlying layers. Spalls may be up to 1.52 m (5 ft) in diameter.

28. Crater Diagram

29. Crater Crew Chief Responsible for crater crew
Responsible for the FOD cover crew
Each crew responsible for two craters
Ensures proper repair criterion is met
Receives and relays input to & from crew leaders and ADR OIC

30. Crater Repairs Crush Stone Repairs Sand Grid
Crush stone without a FOD cover – quickest (taxiways & parking aprons)
Crush stone with FOD cover – higher cost from FOD cover use
Cheap crushed stone repair – least expensive
Choked ballast repair – when water is present
Sand Grid
Requires FOD cover
Height of sub-base critical
Regulated Set Portland Cement
Batched from ‘Crete Mobile’
6” – 12” thick (set in 20 – 30 minutes, 2500 psi in 2 hours)(traffic ready)
Precast Slabs
Cold weather climates (European theater)
Need specialty tools

31. Crater Crew Equipment CESE Equipment 8 - Loaders 4 - Dozers
4 - Graders
4 - Rollers
8 – Light Plants
4 – Air Compressors
1 – Concrete Saw
8 – Mud Pumps

32. Spall Diagram

33. Spall Repair Silikal Set in 8 to 30 minutes
Highly flammable above 32 degrees with additive
Traffic ready within 1 to 2 hours
Cold mix asphalt
Life of repair ~ 100 sorties
Magnesium phosphate
Can extend mix by adding 50% gravel by volume
Regulated set Portland Cement
Initial set is degrees

34. 106 Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.2
Describe the following methods of RRR/ADR:
Folded Fiberglass Matting
AM-2 aluminum matting
Crete mobile

35. Folded Fiberglass Matting
This procedure is currently the primary MOS repair method. It involves the installation of an anchored FFM over a crater which was prepared with a layer of well-compacted crushed stone. Crater preparation is essentially identical to that used with the AM-2 matting system. Again, this is the principle method of ADR employed for MOS repairs.
The FFM is air-transportable, can be moved easily by vehicles, can be positioned at greater distances from airfield pavement surfaces, and must be stored indoors out of the elements.

36. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic
FOD Covers
Folded Fiberglass Matting
Two patches per kit
¼” thick 6’ wide, 30’ long
30’ x 54’ patch – bolted together 60’ x 54’ patch
Tow into position
Anchor Leading and Trailing edge only
Do not store in direct sunlight
Can be used as flush finish
Used primarily on runway and taxiway

37. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic
FOD Covers
Bolted Fiberglass Matting (FRP)
Air shippable 8’x 8’x 20’ ISO container
1/4” – 3/8” thick
4 small patches or 1 large patch per container
Tow into position
All tools contained in each kit
Do not store in direct sunlight
Can be used as flush finish
Used primarily on runway and taxiway
Average weight 2,144 lbs
One small patch is 32’ x 32’ 9”
One large patch is 62’ x 69’ 4”

38. AM-2 Aluminum Matting
Hand-assembled and anchored over the crater which was prepared with a layer of crushed stone. This repair surface is the most manpower intensive of the two primary ADR techniques

39. AM2 Aluminum Matting

40. AM-2 Aluminum Matting Primarily used on taxiway and parking apron
Package contains matting, tools and accessories to assemble 54’ x 72’ FOD cover
5 boxes contains 9 bundles of AM Matting
Can be towed from side to side
Must be centered on the taxiway
AM2 patch is 54’ x 77’
Must be towed by two pieces of like equipment
AM2 Matting cannot be a flush repair

41. Crushed Stone Repair Clear debris from the crater perimeter.
Determine the actual crater diameter versus the apparent crater diameter, i.e., the extent of crater pavement damage/upheaval.
Remove the up-heaved pavement.
Remove large objects 36” or larger and water from inside the crater, as required.
Backfill the crater with ejecta, ballast rock, or clean fill.
Backfilling the crater with crushed stone.
Compaction of the crushed stone.

42. Crushed Stone Repair
Install a 12” layer of crushed stone over the backfill material.
Compact the crushed stone material in lifts approx 6” thick.
Compact each lift of crushed stone using a minimum of four initial passes of a single-drum vibratory roller
Final compaction with 28 passes
Roll done parallel to runway
For every inch above runway surface 3’ taper required

43. Crushed Stone Repair Diagram

44. Crete mobile
The trailer-mounted crete mobile carries the cement, sand, and coarse aggregates in divided bins on the unit.
Sand and aggregates are proportioned accurately by weight or volume with cement mixture and water and mixed.
The mixing process will proceed until the aggregate bins are empty.
Material feed to project can be stopped and started at any point to allow finishing crews to continue at a steady pace.

45. Pavement
Asphalt Pavements. Anchoring in asphalt pavement requires a 9.5-inch bolt and polymer. A hole 10 inches deep and 1.5 inches in diameter is drilled at the center of each predrilled mat hole. A two-part resin polymer is mixed and poured into each hole to about 0.5 inch below the surface of the pavement. An anchor bushing and bolt are immediately placed into each hole and pressed firmly (standing on the bolt and bushing) against the mat. The polymer will harden in about three minutes. Unless extra people are available, there may not be time to drill all the holes before beginning to pour the polymer

46. 106Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.3
Explain the fundamentals of a typical Battalion tent camp layout.

47. Tent Camp Layout Tactical Sufficient space for command dispersion
Concealment from ground and air observation
Protection from bombing and strafing attacks
Protection from mechanized attack

48. Tent Camp Layout Sanitary Water supply Drainage Shade Access
Site not occupied by other units in last two months

49. Tent Camp Layout

50. Camp Maintenance Inspections Controlled inspections
Operator inspections
PM inspections

51. Camp Maintenance
Control Inspections - A control inspection reviews all camp facilities to determine the maintenance required during a deployment to preserve or improve the condition of the camp structures and property.
It is the foundation for the camp maintenance program and workload.
A control inspection is conducted within the first 30 days of a deployment.

52. Camp Maintenance
Annual Inspection Summary – The AIS report documents deficiencies in camp facilities.
AIS reports are produced annually.
Validating deficiencies and costs is important to justify the money to support the proper maintenance and repair of camp facilities.

53. Camp Maintenance
Operator Inspections –consist of examining and making minor adjustments.
Are performed by the operator assigned to the equipment.
Are part of the operator's day-to-day responsibilities.

54. Camp Maintenance
These inspections occur before, during, and after operation of the equipment.
Operator inspection of constantly used equipment is another form of PM.

55. Camp Maintenance
Trouble Desk attendant receives all customer trouble calls, enters this information into the trouble desk log and fills out emergency/service authorization forms.
Trouble desk attendant makes sure that ESA forms are properly routed and that outstanding ESA’s are completed within the required deadlines.

56. 106 Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.4
Explain the purpose of maintaining operators logs for generators and boilers [ref. c]

57. Camp Maintenance Operators Log
Daily operating logs are kept on some Equipment. The main purpose for using operating logs is to continuously record data on equipment performance

58. Ground Rods Ground Rods
Grounding protects human life, the generator, and the distribution system
Provides a path for electrical current to earth

59. Generator Sheltering
Generator sheltering protects and prolongs the life of advance-base portable generators
Protects the equipment from rain, wind, and other adverse conditions
Good for noise discipline during contingency operations

60. 106 Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.5
Discuss the following transportable bridges:
Bailey Bridge
Medium Girder Bridge
Mabey Johnson Bridge

61. Top Panel

62. ROLLER BEAM FITTING INTO CROSS GIRDER

63. ROLLER BEAM CROSS GIRDER AND ADJUSTABLE SUPPORTS

64. ATTACHING JUNCTION PANEL

65. EOB ON FRONT AND REAR ROLLER BEAM

66. ATTACHING BOTTOM PANEL

67. LAUNCHING NOSE COMPONENTS
LIGHT LAUNCHING NOSE

68. LAUNCHING NOSE ROLLER ON BANK SEAT BEAM

69. LAUNCHING NOSE ROLLER ON BANK SEAT BEAM

70. LAUNCHING NOSE LAUNCHINGNOSE CROSS GIRDER ROLLER
LAUNCHING NOSE CROSS GIRDER POSTS

71. Bailey Bridge

72. Bailey Bridge
Through-type metal truss bridge with heavy timber decking, roadway carried between two main girders.
Highly mobile and versatile bridge, can span a variety of gaps
Transported in 5-ton dump & 40 ton trailer
Quickly assembled by manpower, personnel
12’-6” wide, can span up to 210’

73. Bailey Bridge Configurations: Single / Single bridge, 100’
Double / Single bridge 140’
Double / Double bridge 180’

74. Bailey Bridge Launched and de-launched via roller system
Additional bays are added to counter balance during launching and de-launching
Components:
Truss panel - form girder, 5’ x 10’ panel
Transom - main support, 10” x 20’ flange beam
Stringer - 10’ steel beams

75. Bailey Bridge Chess - 2” x 8” x 14’ wood decking
Rollers - launching & de-launching
Bearing & base plates
Ramps
Various pins, clamps, braces, tie plates, bolts, jacks, and carrying bars and tongs

76. Medium Girder Bridge

77. Medium Girder Bridges MGB is a two girder deck bridge
Launched and de-launched via roller system and 5 ton dump.
Three types of MGB’s
Single story MGB
Double story MGB
Linked reinforced MGB

78. Medium Girder Bridges
Transported to site via 5 ton dump & 40 ton trailer
Crew size 24 to 32 personnel
Bridge is formed with 2 main girders from a number of panels pinned together.

79. Medium Girder Bridges
Roadway is formed by hanging deck units between girders and connecting ramps at each end
13’-2” wide bridge
Used for light vehicle loads

80. Single Story MGB
Bridge is formed with 2 main girders from a number of panels pinned together.
Roadway is formed by hanging deck units between girders and connecting ramps at each end
13’-2” wide bridge
Used for light vehicle loads
Military Load Class (MLC) 70 (tracked) over a length of 32 ft decreasing to MLC 16 at 74 ft

81. Double Story MGB
Uses same parts as single story MGB, with the addition of triangular bottom panels, junction panels, and end taper panels, which make the bridge stronger.
Military Load Class (MLC) 70 (tracked) over a length of 102 ft decreasing to MLC 16 at 162 ft

82. Link Reinforced MGB
Reinforced Links are added under each girder for additional support
Permits longer Military Load Class (MLC) 70 bridges
Military Load Class (MLC) 70 (T) up to 150 ft and MLC 60 (T) up to 162 ft

83. Mabey Johnson Bridge

84. Mabey Johnson Bridge
This bridge is widely used throughout Iraq by US Army Engineers and US Navy Seabee Engineers in fixed and floating configurations. (a.k.a. Logistics Support Bridge)
The MJB has replaced aging stocks of Bailey Bridge and Heavy Girder Bridge.

85. Mabey Johnson Bridge Carrying Load Capacity: MLC80 Tracked and
MLC110 Wheeled
Designed to be left in site as a semi-permanent bridge.
The modular design of the equipment means it can be constructed in a large number of different configurations, to match various sized gaps throughout the support area.

86. Mabey Johnson Bridge vs. Bailey Bridge

87. Mabey Johnson Bridge Panel chords and Transoms made of 55C Steel.
All Structural components are hot dip galvanized
Single span up to 60m
Multi span using intermediate piers or floating pontoons as supports
Easily returned to stock after use
Can be assembled by hand if necessary
Largest component weights 700lbs.

88. Mabey Johnson

89. Mabey Johnson

90. 106 Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.6
Discuss heavy timber construction: [ ref. b]
a. Bunker [ Assembly 14003]
b. Bridge [ Assembly 13202]
c. Tower [ Assembly 13615]

91. Heavy Timber Bunker Standard Timber Bunker : 10FT X 24FT X 8FT
Bill of Materials (BOM): Lumber 3x12x12 / 2x4x12 / 4x12x16 / 10x10x12 / 4x8x16
Plywood ¾” X48”X96” Nails: 8D / 16D / 60D Roofing nails, Drift Pins, Sandbags, Chain link fence, fence post, cement, Plastic sheet polyetherine.

92. Heavy Timber Bunker Sandbag stacked on all four sides
3’ X 6” opening on all four sides or as required
Similar bracing on all four sides
Chain liked fence towards the enemy
Canopy over entrance for inclement weather protection

93. Heavy Timber Bunker

94. Heavy Timber Bridge

95. Heavy Timber Bridge Typical Timber Bridge; 24’ W X 36’ LG
(Military Load Class) MLC = 60
Can be built Longer but the MLC decrease
Apply Wood Preservatives to all cut of Tread, Deck, and Stringers

96. Heavy Timber Tower

97. Heavy Timber Tower Bill Of Materials (BOM): 60’ Pile, Treated wood;
Lumber, 12”X12”X16’ / 6”X6”X16’/ 2”X4”X12 ; Plywood, Steel Plate , Bolts, Nuts & washers Cement, Nails 60d,16d,8d,
Note: For a complete list of all BOM for specific tower height refer to P437 or ABFC View

98. Heavy Timber Tower
Footing Embedment for all towers is a constant 6’ Below Grade
Instead of concrete Footings sandbags can be substituted, 2’ high on top tower roof
Interior Plywood Bunker walls are lined with sandbags a minimum of 5’ high.