2. Personal Questions More general To help you relax Can you “chit chat” comfortably?

3. Where are you from? Was it hard to adjust to Canada? How long have you lived in Edmonton/Canada? How do you like it here? Tell me about your family. Why did you decide to be a nurse? What motivated you to be a nurse? What is your impression of Canadians? Tell me about your work experience as a nurse.

4. Analytical Questions Often cause/effect, comparison/contrast, supporting a point Show that you have the ability to respond to a question, think on your feet, and support a point!

5. Use strategies For gaining time to think: Repeat the question Use “turn keeping” sounds and words... Um...hmm.. That’s a good question... Let’s see... For expanding and thinking on your feet: Give examples Show connections between ideas Contrast: in contrast, however, but Comparison: Both, ___, and ___ do, too. Similarly Cause: One reason for+NP/why+clause Effect: might cause; could result in; then ___could happen.

6. Sample questions 1. Compare/contrast the roles of doctors and nurses (or RNs and LPNs; or RNA’s and LPNs). 2. How does the Canadian healthcare system compare with the healthcare system in your country? 3. Compare/contrast the roles of nurses in your country and in Canada. 4. What do you think about the effect of TV/Fast food/computer games on children? 5. What are the most common health concerns in your country and how should they be addressed?

7. More Sample questions 1. Obesity is an issue in Canada… discuss the causes and effects of the issue. How should it be addressed? 2. The population in Canada is aging – how might this affect our health care system? 3. Canada has a universal health care system – what are some of the advantages/disadvantages of the system? What might be some effects of privatizing some aspects of healthcare?

8. Getting information Practice PRIMARY questions so they flow smoothly (look at form...what questions could you ask? Jazz Chant) Show you’ve understood with summaries and paraphrases (not just mmhmm). Remember to ask PROBING questions based on what the patient says: I’m allergic to peanuts My ___ hurts I feel nauseous I’ve been vomiting I have asthma I take a puffer I’m very dizzy Check your comprehension (ok..so you’re saying...is that right?)

9. Be prepared for an angry or anxious patient Listenership Ask for details Summarize/paraphrase to show listenership Express empathy Offer a solution or alternative E.g., I’ve been waiting for an hour! The doctor said I might have had a stroke... I’m so scared...

10. Practice Use case studies on p.87 and 89 OR... Make up your own character using the form you are given Take turns in groups of 3 – each person should have a turn as the nurse, the patient, and an observer. Give each other feedback

11. Giving information If relevant, ask before telling Explain clearly Emphasize important points Don’t use “you” too much Use sequence markers (first, then, after that) Check comprehension End appropriately

12. Practice On your own, you could listen to P.35 (4.4): 3 possible role-plays: What to expect after an operation (p.89-90) How to collect a mid-stream urine specimen How to collect a sputum specimen For some more patient instructions, see the following link: http://www.dynalifedx.com/web/Patients/PatientInstru ctions/tabid/133/Default.aspx