1. Getting Started in Library Grant Writing An Infopeople Workshop Instructor: Holly Hinman hinmanh@infopeople.org March-April 2005

2. Workshop Overview  The world of grantsmanship  Planning to write  Anatomy of a grant proposal – Need – Goals, objectives/outcomes – Evaluation – Budget  Finding a funder

3. Quick Grant Quiz True or false  You can get grants to make up for budget cuts.  You can pay for personnel from grants.  Grants are “free money” – no strings attached.  Grants must be for something totally new.  It’s important to establish a personal relationship with the funding source.  After you take this workshop you will be 100% successful in your quests for grant funding.

4. Sources for Grants  Government – Federal – State – Local  Foundations – Private – Community  Corporations

5. Grant Seeking vs. Fundraising  Written application  Standard format  Formal  Relatively high level of effort If you need only a small amount of money, fundraising may be a better way to go!

6. What Makes a Good Proposal?  Matches funder’s interests and priorities  Demonstrates strong need  Offers something new or creative  Offers a model that can be replicated  Has tangible outcomes or products  Has a reasonable, defensible budgets  Can be accomplished in finite timeframe  Follows directions and is well written!

7. Getting Ready to Write  Grant resource file – library fact sheet, org chart – latest guidelines/info from funding source – sample successful proposals  Internal planning/writing team  Advisory group including end users  Needs assessment involving end users  Personal contact with funding source

8. General Advice for Grant Writers  Develop a personal relationship with your funding source  Read and follow directions!  Write so “grandma” can understand  Be kind to the grant reviewers – Use 12-point, clear font – Number pages  Find out how your proposal will be evaluated

9. Group Questions  Now that we’ve discussed some criteria for successful grant proposals, do you think the idea that you came with would be successful or not?  What could you change to make your grant concept stronger?

10. Anatomy of a Grant Proposal  Summary  Introduction  Needs assessment  Goals and objectives  Plan of action  Evaluation  Budget

11. Project Summary  Appears first  Written last  Important because: – it’s used for screening – may be only section read  Do not exceed space limit  Can cut-and-paste from other sections

12. Introduction  Basic info about applicant  May be separate section  Often part of narrative (needs or plan of action)  Boilerplate OK here  Not needed for state LSTA

13. A Good Needs Assessment  Provides the foundation for the rest of the proposal  Is written from the users’ perspective  Involves the users in identification of need  Is supported by evidence – hard data – soft data

14. If the Need Is for a “Thing”….. Reevaluate!!! Weak: The Large County Library needs a bookmobile. Stronger: Residents of rural areas in Large County need access to library materials ….

15. The 5 W’s of Needs Assessment  Who are the people with the need?  Where are they located?  What is their problem or need?  When does the problem or need occur?  Why does the problem or need occur?

16. More Needs Assessment Questions  How does the need relate to: – Funder’s mission and current priorities – Library’s mission, programs, and priorities?  Who else is interested?  What will be the community impact?

17. Rewrite These Needs Statements:  We need more computers.  The school library needs more books.  Anytown PL needs a community meeting room  Poor County Library needs a literacy program.  Main Library needs a book security system.

18. Anatomy of a Grant Proposal Summary Introduction Needs assessment  Goals and objectives  Plan of action  Evaluation  Budget

19. Goals  Broad, long-range, general  Not measurable  Related to mission  May not be attained Example: The goal of this project is to provide free and convenient access to library resources to all people in Large County.

20. Objectives  Measurable  Time-specific  Reflect change in target group  Relate to needs – Should show improvement  Can be evaluated and should be attained

21. When agencies fund your project, they are actually buying your objectives. When evaluators evaluate your project, they are measuring whether you accomplished what you said you were going to do in your program objectives. -- Stanley Levenson, How to Get Grants and Gifts for the Public Schools, 2002.

22. Developing Good Objectives  Start from needs assessment  Select measurement indicators  Set performance standards  Determine time frame  Write the objective  Evaluate the objective

23. Objectives Answer Questions  Who is going to be impacted or changed?  What is going to happen?  When will it happen?  How much change will take place?  How will change be measured?

24. Standard Objective Format To by Example: To increase by at least one grade level the reading skills of 75% of the children who complete the Reading Enrichment Program.

25. Verbs Used in Objectives increase decrease improve reduce expand eliminate enhance diminish augment add lessen maximize minimize access

26. Fix the Objective  To implement a public computer training program.  To train library staff in MS Word.  To digitize 10,000 photographs from the local history collection.

27. Common Problems  Confuse methods with objective  Write in terms of the institution instead of the user  Fail to quantify  Set unrealistic degree of change

28. Anatomy of a Grant Proposal Summary Introduction Needs assessment Goals and objectives  Plan of action  Evaluation  Budget

29. Plan of Action  Narrative  Often has page limits  Includes: Personnel Timeline Publicity

30. Key Questions  Who will be involved in the project? – target group – project staff – consultants  What activities will take place? – connect to objective – provide detail  When will each step take place? – include timeline  Why is this approach being used? – describe alternatives

31. Graphics/Attachments  Timeline  Organization chart  Resumes  Sample materials, products  RFP’s

32. Anatomy of a Grant Proposal Summary Introduction Needs assessment Goals and objectives Plan of action  Evaluation  Budget

33. Evaluation  Will your project make a difference?  Program evaluation serves 2 purposes: 1. To determine if the project has met objectives. 2. To gather information to improve the project.

34. Types of Evaluation  Process evaluation  Summative evaluation  Outcomes measurement

35. Outcomes Measurement Outcome = Impact on end user Impact = changes in: Behavior Attitude Skills Knowledge Condition/state -- Rhea Rubin, So What? Using Outcomes Measurement to Assess the Impact of Library Programs, 2005

36. Evaluation Plan  Results you expect  Data you will collect  Data collection techniques  What records will be kept  Who is responsible  When evaluation will take place

37. Anatomy of a Grant Proposal Summary Introduction Needs assessment Goals and objectives Plan of action Evaluation  Budget

38. The Bottom Line: Your Budget Budgeting is simply the process of translating the project plan into fiscal terms. --- Mary Hall, Getting Funded: A Complete Guide to Proposal Writing

39. Budget Basics: Steps to Take  Review funder’s guidelines and requirements  Follow your organization’s budget practices  Identify every cost element in plan of action  Create a budget worksheet  Put calculations into required format

40. Basic Budget Terms  Direct costs  Indirect costs  Matching funds  In-kind contributions  Personnel  Non-personnel

41. Anatomy of a Grant Proposal Summary Introduction Needs assessment Goals and objectives Plan of action Evaluation Budget

42. Finding a Funder If your project:  Focuses on local needs  Can be a model for other libraries in the state  Can be a model for programs in other states  Affects a multistate area Start with:  Local foundations and corporations  State programs and state foundations  Federal programs and national foundations  Federal or state programs & national foundations

43. Resources for Government Grants  Federal – Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) (available online) – Federal Register (available online) – Agency mailing lists  State – State agency websites – State agency mailing lists  Local – Personal contacts

44. Resources for Private Grants – Foundations and Corporations What the CFDA is to researching federal grants, the Foundation Center and its publications are to researching foundation grants. www.fdncenter.org

45. Foundation Center  Libraries – San Francisco – 22 Cooperating Collections in CA  Key publications – Foundation Directory also available online – Foundation Grants Index

46. Tips for Finding Foundation Funding  Location, location, location  Check eligibility – 501(c)3 status  Types of support  Purpose/areas of interest  Contact before submitting

47. Getting Corporate Funding  Start with corporations in your community or area – Corporations “give where they live”  Make a personal connection  Find out how the corporation handles giving  Show how company or employees will benefit

48. Library-Friendly Funding Sources  State LSTA programs  Other library-specific state programs  IMLS (Institute of Museum and Library Services)  NEH (National Endowment for the Humanities)  ALA  Community Foundations  Local corporations (Target, Walmart)

49. Post-Submission  Don’t call or email the funder  If you are funded: Celebrate !  Then: – Notify appropriate officials/staff – Send out a press release – Begin preliminary activities – Thank the funder

50. If You’re Not Funded  Ask for a copy of the reviewers’ comments  Strategize a new approach – revise and resubmit – revise and submit to another source  Don’t give up!