1. Farah Abdullah Stephen Adams Noor Emir Anuar Paul Davis Zherui Guo Steve McCabe Zack Means Mizuki Wada Askar Yessirkepov 1

2. Mission Statement Implement advanced technologies to design a future large commercial airliner (200 passenger minimum) that simultaneously addresses all of the N+2 goals for noise, emissions and fuel burn as set forth by NASA. These NASA goals include: Reduce noise by 42 dB below stage 4 certification noise measurements at takeoff, sideline, and approach Reduce landing and takeoff NO x by 75% below CAEP6 Reduce fuel burn by 50% relative to a “large twin-aisle reference” Reduce field length by 50% relative to a “large twin-aisle reference” Use market driven parameters to design a realistic and desirable aircraft. 2

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4. 4 Demand for commercial aviation services will grow at an annual rate of 3.2 percent The long-range forecast anticipates delivery of 30,900 airplanes by 2029 New airplanes over the next 20 years are valued at $3.6 trillion The twin-aisle market is the fastest growing segment of the market: 23 percent of the delivery units 45 percent of the delivery dollars High fuel costs are compelling airlines to accelerate replacement of older airplanes for newer fuel efficient airplanes Boeing, “Current market outlook 2010-2029”, [http://www.boeing.com/commercial/startup/market.html. Accessed 25 Jan, 2011]

5. This segment is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 4.4 percent The twin-aisle fleet will grow from 3,500 airplanes in operation today to 8,260 airplanes in 2029 In 20 years, much of the in-service fleet will be newer aircraft, which offer more passenger comfort, improved efficiency, and better environmental performance than the airplanes they replace New aircrafts will spur airlines to trade up as airplanes in the 767 and A330 size category begin to reach retirement age Boeing, “Current market outlook 2010-2029”, [http://www.boeing.com/commercial/startup/market.html. Accessed 25 Jan, 2011] 5

6. Regional Market Similarities in market predictions 6

7. Regional Market After 3 major domestic markets, many major international routes with high demands 7 Major Routes US-West Europe PRC-West Europe South America-West Europe Asia-West Europe Middle East-West Europe Asia PRC PRC-US Asia-US Middle East-US Airbus Market Outlook

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9. Competitors B787-8 Replace B767-200ER, B767-300ER and possibly B757- 200 (on shorter routes) 9 * indicating aircraft will need replacement

10. Competitors B787-8 will be have no competition for small twin aisle aircraft carrying 200-250 passengers Compete against B787-8, assuming the proliferation of point to point model as opposed to hub and spoke distribution Smaller, long range, efficient aircraft offers economical option to open up markets into low volume city pairs. 10

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12. Representative city-pairs City Pairs DistanceMin. Runway Length Beijing - Berlin3977 nmi5200 ft Beijing – Los Angeles5437 nmi8925 ft Beijing – Honolulu 4398 nmi6952 ft Tokyo – Honolulu 3318 nmi6952 ft Tokyo – San Francisco 4470 nmi7500 ft Tokyo – Paris 5256 nmi11811 ft New York – London2999 nmi4984 ft New York - Munich3830 nmi8400 ft New York - Dubai 5946nmi8400 ft 12

13. Design Mission Max design range : 6500nm Covers whether issues Max capacity : 250 passengers Max cruise Mach : 0.85 Cruise Altitude : 35000ft 13 Taxi and take off Climb Cruise Land and taxi Missed approach 2 nd Climb Divert to alternate Loiter (25min.) Loiter (25 min.) Land and taxi 12 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 Designed Range 6000nm Dubai New York 200nm 13 1-7 : Basic Mission 7-13: Reserve Segment Satisfy FAA requirement of min. 45 min additional cruise for night time flights

14. 14 Alternate Mission Mission Range: 2400nm Max capacity : 300 passengers Max cruise Mach : 0.85 Cruise Altitude : 30000ft 14 Taxi and take off Climb Cruise Land and taxi Missed approach 2 nd Climb Divert to alternate Loiter (25min.) Loiter (25 min.) Land and taxi 12 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 Designed Range 2400nm Seattle Miami 100nm 13 1-7 : Basic Mission 7-13: Reserve Segment High Capacity Medium Haul Aircraft

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16. Requirements AirlinePassengersAuthority/Public Airport Compatible Low Operations Cost Low Maintenance Cost Reliability Low Fuel Burn Operational Life Range Safe Aircraft Affordable Ticket Price Comfort Cargo Space Fast Travel Time NASA Requirements Nox Emissions Noise Level Safety and Airworthiness CFR 16

17. House Of Quality 17

18. Requirements Important Attributes 18 Airport Compatibility Reliability Safety NASA Competition ERA N+2 Requirements

19. Compliance Matrix 19 CurrentTargetThresholdReference Values Noise Levels266 dB cum.230 dB cum.246 dB (-20 dB)Airbus A321-200 LTO NO x Emissions 26 kg/LTO6.5 kg/LTO (-75%)13 kg/LTO (-50%)Boeing 757-200 Fuel Burn2800 kg/hr cruise1400 kg/hr (-50%)1820 kg/hr (-35%)Airbus A321-200 Field Length*5000-6000 ft2500-3000 ft3500-4500 ftBoeing 757-200 Max Payload Range 6560 nmi6000 nmiBoeing 757-200 Cruise Mach0.8 @ 35,000 ft0.85 @ 35,000 ft0.75 @ 35,000 ftBoeing 757-200 Passengers270>200Boeing 757-200 * Field length values only for LTO http://www.airbus.com/fileadmin/media_gallery/files/tech_data/AC/AC_A321_01092010.pdf http://www.airliners.net/a/stats.main?id=103

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21. Technologies/Advanced concepts 21 Technology Pro(s)Con(s) Propulsion Airframe Aeroacoustics (Chevron nozzle) reduces noise by 1.1 db weight/fuel penalty Noise shielding on landing gear and highlift devices large noise reduction weight/fuel penalty Ultra high bypass engine (propfan) 35% better fuel efficiency high noise penalty Electric Aircraft Drive systems, Hybrid turbine-electric engines high fuel and power generation efficiency storage of Hydrogen is problematic Composite body lower weight, better strength higher initial cost, maintenance costs Active Engine Control and Health monitoring better fuel economy and engine lifespan greater electronic complexity And others…

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23. Current Sizing Tools Empty Weight Prediction for Jet Transports This equation is from Raymer Table 3.1 Fuel Weight Prediction Requires fuel burn prediction and drag prediction

24. Current Sizing Tools Drag Prediction Use similar existing aircraft AR to estimate (L/D) cruise for subsonic aircraft This equation is from Nicolai Figure 5.3

25. Current Sizing Tools Fuel Weight Prediction Use Breguet range equation and endurance equation Total Fuel Add 1% for trapped fuel

26. Sizing Calibration Baseline Aircraft Boeing 767-200ER http://boeing.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=13&cat=30&item=1126

27. Payload and Range http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/767.htm

28. Published Data http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/767.htm

29. More Published Data http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/767.htm

30. Predictions Using Sizing Tool Noncalibrated Weights Calibrated Weights TOGW509940 lb Empty Weight236410 lb Fuel Weight228130 lb Payload Weight44000 lb TOGW382450 lb Empty Weight177310 lb Fuel Weight250940 lb Payload Weight38720 lb

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32. Next Steps Refine sizing code Powerplants Thrust-to-weight improvements Aerodynamic designs Airfoil design / Finite wing design Fuselage CAD Model of aircraft Estimation of new technologies on specifications 32