1. Slavery Compromises 1820-1854

2. Missouri Compromise aka Compromise of 1820  1 st Missouri Compromise  Missouri applied for admission as a state  Maine will be admitted as a Free State, MO can be added as a Slave State  No more slaves in Louisiana Territory outside Missouri

3. Missouri Compromise

4. Compromise of 1850  Background  David Wilmot, Congressman PA  Wilmot Proviso 1846:  In any territory acquired from Mexico by treaty, slavery would be banned forever (Senate never passed)  Free Soil Movement: –Northerners who didn’t want slavery extended to any new territories

5. Compromise of 1850  Secession talk among the “fire-eaters” in the South  Pro-slavery interests advocated “Popular sovereignty” – letting the people of the state decide on slavery

6. Compromise of 1850  California gets statehood as Free State  Popular Sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico territories  Federal Gov’t assumes Texas’s debt  No more slave trading in D.C.—whites can still own slaves  New Fugitive Slave Law, rigorously enforced

7. Compromise of 1850

8. Kansas-Nebraska Act  Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois wants to have a trans-continental Railroad, with major terminus in Chicago  Southern Democrats wanted a more southerly route  Gets railroad money passed by attaching to a bill to divide Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska

9. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854  Organized Kansas and Nebraska territories  Popular sovereignty would apply in KS and NE  Appealing to slave interest —would allow slavery legally above 36 o 30’  It repealed (overturned) the Missouri Compromise

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act  Creates more sectional tensions in Congress  A new party is formed among Northerners and Westerners who do not want slavery spread any further  REPUBLICANS

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act

13. Bleeding Kansas 1854- 1858  Free soilers (Free staters) and slave interests move to Kansas  Armed conflict breaks out  Several state constitutions drafted, some allowing, some forbidding slavery  Kansas admitted as free state, Jan. 1861

14. Dred Scott decision 1857  Dred Scott sued for his freedom on the basis that he had lived in free territory (IL)  Supreme Court ruled (Scott v. Sanford):  Slaves and descendants not citizens  Slaves could not sue  Congress could not forbid slavery in territories (overturns MO compromise)