1. What was the “Middle Passage” and how did the “Middle Passage” effect African society?

2. The Middle Passage was a series of naval routes that connected the economies of Africa, North America, and Europe Also known as the “Triangle Trade” 1500’s – 1870’s Specialized in the trade of African slaves 9.5 million African enslaves

4. Early African Societies

5. The Great Zimbabwe

6. Following colonization of the New World, Europeans needed cheap labor Mines & Plantations Africa was a good area for three (3) reasons: 1. Immunity to European diseases 2. Experience with farming 3. Little knowledge of America

14. European traders testified that African slaves were treated fairly / comfortable passage The Middle Passage Myth In reality: Slave traders typically lost 15 -20% of cargo in transit Total = 2 million (1500-1900) Disease / starvation Rape & sexual assault “Cargo suicide” How was the Middle Passage depicted for Europeans?

21. Some African rulers supported the trade Sold rival tribes into slavery for guns, gold, alcohol, etc. Others opposed the trade King Affonso’s plea European avoided these areas (trade, slave- buying, etc.)