1. Racism: Majority and Minority Identity Development
Social Psychology

2. I. Definition Racism = Discrimination + power
Discussion Question: How do people w/ racist beliefs have power?
Racism is the routine, institutionalized mistreatment of a person based on his/her membership in a group on the downside of power.

3. II. Effects of Racism
Economic--keep demands for higher wages & better working conditions down.
Social--segregation, leading to ignorance between groups of people.
Political--fragmentation, which leads to the impairment of acting in unison for the better good.
Personal--ignorance & fear leads to limitations in personal choice & personal growth.

4. III. Group formation Two groups form with any type of discrimination:
Majority – the larger group or the group with more power
Minority – the smaller group or the group with less power

5. IV. Minority Identity Development Model
PRE-ENCOUNTER STAGE
programmed to think of the world as non-minority or anti-minority
act in ways that devalue their minority development
Ex: forceful / violent demonstration of power ( Black Power movement)
ENCOUNTER STAGE
gain awareness of being a minority
begin to validate themselves in terms of minority identity.

6. D. INTERNALIZATION STAGE
C. IMMERSION STAGE
reject all non-minority values
fully immerse themselves in minority culture
Ex: only associate w/ other minorities and support other minorities.
D. INTERNALIZATION STAGE
develop a secure and self-confident minority identity
comfortable expressing preferences and interests for experiences from non-minority cultures
Ex: Step away from exclusive minority groups and embrace all groups

7. V. Majority Identity Development Model
PRE-EXPOSURE STAGE
Little thought to multicultural issues & role as a majority group member in a racist and oppressive society.
Ex: never considered the issues minority groups face or don’t consider it a problem

8. B. EXPOSURE STAGE confronted with the realities of racism & prejudice
forced to examine own role as a majority group member
Anger and guilt arise.
Anger due to feeling convinced society was accepting
Guilt due to naivety and membership in racist society

9. C. ZEALOT-DEFENSIVE STAGE One of two reactions:
1. Become active in minority causes
Reacting to guilt
Ex: reading literature or joining groups that promote minority causes
2. Become defensive of majority view
Attempt to connect with majority for support
Ex: “that minority group is overreacting, they already get too much or are paid too much attention to”
   

10. D. INTEGRATION STAGE
overly strong feelings of the Zealot-    Defensive Stage subside
more balanced view takes its place
deeper appreciation of one's own culture
secure, self-confident identity
appreciation of other cultures

11. Allophilia

12. Allport’s Scale Antilocution (hate speech) Avoidance Discrimination
Physical Attack
Extermination