1. Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth Chapter 1
Grade 8 Science
Unit 1:
Water Systems on Earth
Chapter 1

2. Effects of Water?
Churchill River

3. Large Ocean Wave

4. Recreational Activities
How do you use water?
House Hold Use
Personal Use
Recreational Activities

5. Water Distribution

6. Only 3% of the Earth’s water is fresh water (no salt).
2/3 of this water is frozen in ice sheets.
Therefore only 1% of the fresh water on Earth is available.

7. Review of Terms...
Definition of Lithosphere: the solid rocky ground of the Earth’s crust.
Do not write in pamphlet

8. Atmosphere: the environment surrounding the Earth.
Do not write in pamphlet

9. Hydrosphere: All water on Earth
Hydrosphere: All water on Earth. Including that in the lithosphere and atmosphere.

10. Scientists who study water...
Hydrologist
A person who studies Earth’s water systems and helps to find solutions to problems of water quality and quantity.
Not in pamphlet

11. Oceanographer: A person who studies all aspects of the ocean
Oceanographer: A person who studies all aspects of the ocean. They are concerned with the biology, geology, physics, and mathematics of the ocean.

12. Why do We Not Run Out of Water??
Because of the:
WATER CYCLE

13. The Water Cycle...

14. The constant cycling of water through the processes of :
Evaporation&Condensation.condensa tio
Water is constantly changing from
(gas liquid)
and back again. This driven by the sun’s energy.

15. Ocean Water vs. Fresh Water
Three ways in which fresh water differs from ocean water are:
1. Salinity
2. Density
3. Freezing point

16. 1. Salinity - Definition
-The amount of salt dissolved in a specific amount of water.
salt comes from dissolved solids in the ground and volcanoes.
salt comes from dissolved solids in the ground and volcanoes.

17. Fresh Water Salt Water has tiny amounts of salt.
Average amount of salt in salt water is 35 ppt.
Salt content varies depending on location.
Increase salt at the equator and poles

18. 2. Density - Definition
-The amount of mass of a substance in a certain unit volume. *How tightly packed together the material is in a substance.

19. *Ocean water is more dense than fresh water due to the salt content.
The Dead Sea

20. 3. Freezing Point -Definition
-The temperature at which a liquid freezes.
*Fresh water... 0oC
*Salt water oC

21. Core Lab Activities Activity 1-3A “Salinity’s Effect on Water Density”
Graphing Assignment pp60-61
“Temperature & Water Density”

22. Sources of Fresh Water Lakes, ponds and wetlands Streams and rivers
Ground water
Run Off
Glaciers
Drainage Basins

23. 3. Ground Water...
Precipitation that falls on land and sinks out of sight.
Sinks through pores in rocks and goes down to bedrock where it pools.
These pools to us make up “wells”.

24. Ground Water : Drilling Wells

25. 4. Run Off
doesn’t sink into the ground or evaporate.: flows on land.
is affected by:
a) ground material,
b) amount of rain,
c) amount of time it rains,
d)slope (steepness) of the land,
e)vegetation,
f) the amount of development.

26. 5.Glaciers...
A moving mass of snow and ice.
Found in areas where it is so cold the snow remains all year.

27. Glaciers in mountains and on the continent of Antarctica

28. Glaciers slow down the Water Cycle by storing big amounts of frozen fresh water. Some water thaws in the hot summer months.
They give us information about the Earth’s past climates. ( samples)

29. Water trapped in glacial ice

30. 6. Drainage Basins

31. The Ice Age The most recent began 120 000 years ago ending
Glaciers covered ~ 20% of land on Earth.

33. Glaciers and Global Warming
In the last 100 years the average surface temp. Has increased by 0.5oC.
The world’s glaciers are melting at a quicker paces than ever before.

34. Melting Greenland Glacier

35. Receding Athabasca Glacier in Alberta
It has receded 1.5 km since 1843.

37. What does this mean? Ocean waters may rise Flood rivers
If they disappear, rivers may dry up.

38. 6.Drainage Basins
Watersheds
The area of land with water that drains into a body of water such as a river, pond, lake or ocean.
There may be many smaller basins within a larger basin.

39. A divide separates one basin from another.
For example:
The Continental Divide

40. Canadian Drainage Basins

41. Drainage basins close to home are Labrador Sea, & Gulf Of St. Lawrence

42. 6 Major Drainage Basins in NL
Labrador Sea
Gulf of St. Lawrence
West Coast Gulf of St. Lawrence
South Coast Gulf of St. Lawrence
Atlantic Ocean Avalon Peninsula
Atlantic Ocean North-east Coast

43. One Component Affects Another
Salinity :
affects the types of organisms that can survive in an area. Eg. Dead Sea

44. Temperature :
affects the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. Ex. The higher the temp. the more oxygen.

45. The convergence of the Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream Current (place where they meet)
influences productivity of the Grand Banks (more fish there), the movement of icebergs, and migration of capelin and whales.