1. B9902022 周書民 B9902037 胡紀豪

2. Broca's area Pierre Broca reported impairments in a small region of the left frontal lobe of patients who had lost the ability to speak. The region is now known as Broca’s area.

3. Wernicke ‘s area Karl Wernicke also conducted examinations and found another region of left temporal lobe which can cause the abolishment of the ability to comprehend speech if being damaged. The region is now known as Wernicke’s area.

4. Location Both in dominant cerebral hemisphere (97% in left hemisphere) Broca‘s area : posterior to inferior frontal gyrus Wernicke ‘s area : The posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus (STG)

6. 唸看到的字詞 唸聽到的字詞

7. Broca‘s aphasia Patients with Broca‘s aphasia understand what is being said to them, but are unable to speak fluently. SYMPTOMS: Non-fluent speech, slow,halting speech, loss of ability to "find" certain words, difficulty pronouncing words and loss of prosody

8. "Yes... ah... Monday... er... Dad and Peter H... (his own name), and Dad.... er... hospital... and ah... Wednesday... Wednesday, nine o'clock... and oh... Thursday... ten o'clock, ah doctors... two... an' doctors... and er... teeth... yah."

9. Wernicke ‘s aphasia impairment of language comprehension SYMPTOMS: natural-sounding rhythm but a jumbled syntax without recognisable meaning (sounds fluent but makes no sense)

10. 比較 布洛卡區損傷 ( 布洛卡失 語症 ) unable to speak fluently understand what is being said to them can’t find certain words non-fuentspeech slow,halting speech 韋尼克氏區損傷 ( 韋尼克 氏失語症 ) can’t understand what is being said to them sounds fluent but makes no sense 像是「字詞沙拉」

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12. 補充 Right homologous area of Wernicke's area Research suggests that the area corresponding to the Wernicke’s area in the non-dominant cerebral hemisphere has a role in processing and resolution of subordinate meanings of ambiguous words. In contrast, the Wernicke's area in the dominant hemisphere processes dominant word meanings.

13. 研究方法的演進與歷史 50 年代初期 Wilder Penfield 和 Herbert Jasper 用電刺激腦部 → 抑制語言

14. 60 年代 Wada 測試，使用 sodium amytal (amobarbital) 麻醉劑注入左右頸動脈 → 測試語言能力

15. 近期使用腦部顯影技術 ( 正子掃描 ) → 右腦損傷會有情緒上的問題，稱為 aprosodia