1. DNA and RNA 12-1

2. Griffith Griffith was trying to figure out how bacteria made people sick Griffith was trying to figure out how bacteria made people sick Isolated two strains of pneumonia bacteria for mice Isolated two strains of pneumonia bacteria for mice –They were easy to grow in a culture and easy do distinguish between the two types by look

3. Griffith mixed some of the deadly strain of the bacteria that had been killed with the harmless strain of bacteria. Griffith mixed some of the deadly strain of the bacteria that had been killed with the harmless strain of bacteria. Alone both were harmless but the mixture caused the mice to get pneumonia and die Alone both were harmless but the mixture caused the mice to get pneumonia and die Somehow the killed bacteria passed their disease causing ability to the harmless strain Somehow the killed bacteria passed their disease causing ability to the harmless strain Transformation – when an organism is permanently changed into another Transformation – when an organism is permanently changed into another

4. Avery Oswald Avery discovered that the nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next Oswald Avery discovered that the nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next

5. Hershey-Chase Used bacteriophages to test Avery’s discovery and concluded he was correct Used bacteriophages to test Avery’s discovery and concluded he was correct Bacteriophages – virus that infects bacteria Bacteriophages – virus that infects bacteria

6. Components and Structure of DNA DNA is a long molecule made up of units called nucleotides DNA is a long molecule made up of units called nucleotides Nucleotides – units that make DNA, made of 3 parts. Nucleotides – units that make DNA, made of 3 parts. –Sugar –Phosphate –Nitrogen base

7. The Double Helix Watson and Crick two scientist that discovered the structure of DNA Watson and Crick two scientist that discovered the structure of DNA DNA is made up of nucleotides that connect to each other and repeat over and over DNA is made up of nucleotides that connect to each other and repeat over and over This make a ladder shape that then twists This make a ladder shape that then twists

9. Nitrogen base pairing 4 possible nitrogen bases 4 possible nitrogen bases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine A always bonds with TA-T A always bonds with TA-T G always bonds with CG-C G always bonds with CG-C