1. Manifest Destiny
Chapter 13
“from sea to shining sea”

2. Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny - the belief many Americans had that we should expand all the way to the Pacific “from sea to shining sea.”
By 1844, this became government policy
From sea to shining sea!
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean

3. Manifest Destiny pictures
Pictures of people moving
The desire to move west and expand

4. How did we get all the land?
The U.S. got land many different ways.
Through treaties
Through war Negotiations
Through agreements with other countries
The United States already had the land in green from winning the Revolutionary War with the British

5. Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase – 1803 – Thomas Jefferson purchased this land from the French for $15 million.
It doubled the size of the United States

6. Florida
Adams-Onis Treaty – 1819 – Spain gave Florida to the United States.
U.S. paid $5 million as part of the treaty
Spain was having problems with the Indians in Florida and gave up its claim.

7. Texas Annexation
Originally Texas was owned by the Spanish and was called Tejas.
In 1821, Mexico gained its independence from Spain and Tejas became Mexico.
Stephen Austin began attracting Americans to Tejas soon there were more Americans in Tejas than Tejanos.

8. Texas Annexation
A rebellion began – Americans fought for independence from Mexico and won.
The Lone Star Republic was formed
Texas Annexation – 1845 – President James Polk added Texas to the United States in 1845
To annex – to add
Problem: Mexico and the US disagreed on the Southern border of Texas Rio Grande v. Nueces River miles difference

9. Oregon Territory
Oregon Territory – 1846 – the United States and Britain agreed to divide the Oregon territory in half.
This serves as the border between the US and Canada

10. Mexican Cession
As a result of the Texas border dispute, Mexico and America went to war.
In Feb. 1848, the war officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

11. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexican Cession – 1848 – Mexico ceded (gave up) this land to the U.S. as part of the treaty after the war.
U.S. would pay $15 million to Mexico
Area includes present-day California, Nevada, Utah, parts of New Mexico and Arizona
Mexico also agreed that the Rio Grande would be the southern border of Texas.

12. Gadsden Purchase
Gadsden Purchase – 1853 – Mexico sold this land to the U.S. for $10 million. It is the last piece to complete the U.S.
The U.S wanted it for the railroad – to avoid the Rocky Mtns.

13. The Whole Map 5 2 6 1 4 7 3

14. Order of territories gained
United States from Rev. War 1783
Louisiana Purchase 1803
Florida
Texas Annexation 1845
Oregon Territory 1846
Mexican Cession 1848
Gadsden Purchase 1853

15. Trails West

16. Heading West
Once all this new land and territory was gained, people began to move west.
Reasons people moved west:
Land speculators bought huge amounts of land hoping to make money
In search of new markets to sell goods
In search of gold and wealth
Religious reasons

17. Santa Fe Trail Oregon Trail
People in New Mexico were eager for new merchandise
Many traveled the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe New Mexico in search of new markets for goods.
Oregon Trail
Tales of Oregon’s great land and climate tempted people to travel there.
Many traveled the Oregon Trail to head northwest and begin new lives.

18. Mormon Trail
While most pioneers went in search of wealth, the Mormons went for religious reasons.
Mormons traveled to Salt Lake City on the Mormon Trail and settled in Utah.
Brigham Young, the Mormon leader, moved his people to Utah hoping his people would be left to follow their faith in peace.
Not all agreed with the Mormon teachings.

19. Gold!
John Sutter, a Swiss immigrant, bought 50,000 acres in California
James Marshall, a carpenter, was building a sawmill on Sutter’s Mill when “my eye caught a glimpse of something shining… I reached my hand down and picked it up; for I was certain it was gold!”

20. Gold Rush
Thousands of Americans raced to California in hopes of finding gold themselves
This became known as the California Gold Rush
A forty-niner became known as someone who went to California in 1849 to seek gold.

21. Rush is over The gold rush was over by 1852.
While it lasted 250,000 people (mostly men) flooded to California in search of gold
Effects of the gold rush:
This huge migration of people cause economic growth that changed California forever.
Native Americans died from disease and were pushed off land.
California applied for statehood.

22. Primary and Secondary Sources
Where do historians get their information??

23. Where??
Historians use a wide variety of sources to answer questions about the past. In their research, history scholars use both primary sources and secondary sources

24. Primary Source What is a primary source?
Primary sources are actual records that have survived from the past.
Examples include:
letters
documents
photographs/posters
articles of clothing
original speeches written by actual people

25. Primary Source Examples
Primary sources are actual records that have survived from the past.
An original slave reward poster
Washington’s handwritten farewell address
Declaration of Independence
An actual drawing from Meriwether Lewis from his journal

26. Secondary Source What is a secondary source?
Secondary sources are accounts of the past created by people writing about events sometime after they happened. Examples include:
history textbook
Books written about famous people in history (biographies)
A conversation with someone about famous people in history

27. Secondary Source Examples
Secondary sources are accounts of the past created by people writing about events sometime after they happened.
A conversation about Thomas Jefferson with Thomas Jefferson’s great-great-great granddaughter
A book written about George Washington (a biography)