1. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 85 Topic: 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Essential Question(s): 1.What is the importance of studying the Levels of Organization? 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Key Concept Ecology is the study of the relationships among organisms and their environment.

2. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness PLEASE TURN IN “LABEL THAT PIG”

3. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships What does the word relationship mean to you? examples Pg. 84

4. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Introduction to Ecology (3m20s)

5. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Key Concept Ecology is the study of the relationships among organisms and their environment.

6. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Ecology is the study of the interactions among living things, and between living things and their surroundings. Pg. 84: If you were an ecologist, what types of questions would you want answered about this Grizzly Bear?

7. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships A bear’s interactions with other living things Social interactions with other bears? What animals and plants does it interact with? In its surrounding Where it lives What does it eat?

8. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.

9. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Levels of Organization Ecologists study nature on different levels, from a local to global scale These levels, reveal the complex relationships found in nature

10. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Name those Levels of Organization!

11. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Organism

12. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Organism Population

13. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Organism Population Community

14. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Organism Population Community Ecosystem

15. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome

16. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere

17. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships What type of ecosystem is portrayed in this picture?

18. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Organism 1. An organism is an individual living thing Ex: alligator

19. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Population 2. A population is a group of the same species that lives in one area Ex: alligators

20. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Community 3. A community is a group of different species that live together in one area. Ex: alligators, turtles, grass, and birds.

21. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Ecosystem 4. An ecosystem includes all of the living organisms as well as the non- living things Ex: All animals, plants, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things

22. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Biome 5. A biome is a major regional or global community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there. Ex: Tropical rainforest, grassland, desert, deciduous forest, rain forest, taiga, tundra

23. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships With a partner: Create your own Levels of Organization Diagram Must include: each L.O.O, labels, color, circles, one paragraph description of your diagram describing what is in each level (may NOT use the example provided in class) *Might be easier to start with an animal you know something about Organism: 1 animal (Alligator) Population: animals (Alligators) Community: animals and plants (Alligators, turtles, birds, moss,) Ecosystem: living and non-living Biome: desert, ocean, chaparral, rainforest, forest, mountains, fresh water, grassland, savanna, etc…. (463) Pg. 397

24. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Levels of Organizations Ecologists study relationships within each level of organization and also between levels –For example, researchers may study the relationships within a population of alligators, as well as relationships between alligators and turtles in a community

25. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Ecological Research Methods Scientists rely on a variety of methods and tools to conduct research Tools can range form a simple tape measure used to find an organism’s size to a sophisticated computer model of an entire ecosystem

26. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Ecological research methods: 1. Observation is the act of carefully watching something over time.

27. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships –Direct surveys used for species that are easy to follow. Ex: You count how many deer are in the field –Indirect surveys are used for species that are difficult to track and include looking for other signs of their presence. Ex: Looking for feces or a recent kill

28. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Lab experiments Give researchers control Ex: You want to test how a fungus reacts to heat. In your lab experiment you turn up the temperature. Done inside Negative: not reflective of the complex interactions in nature. 2. Experiments:

29. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Field experiments give a more accurate picture of how organisms interact in a natural setting performed where the organisms live Negative: may not help determine actual cause and effect. Ex: You want to know the effect deer have on a type of grass in the forest, so you block off a part of the forest to keep out the deer. By monitoring the fenced and unfenced area, you can determine the deer’s effect on the grass.

30. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Computer and mathematical models can be used to describe and model nature. Ex: GPS transmitter 3. Modeling allows scientists to learn about organisms or ecosystems in ways that would not be possible in a natural or lab setting. Ecologists use data transmitted by GPS receivers worn by elephants to develop computer models of the animal’s movements. If observation and experimentation don’t work…turn to modeling GPS transmitter

31. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships GPS and Elephant Conservation GPS and Anti-poaching Effort(1m44s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSoI5dvtZcc

32. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Estimating Population Size Activity Objective: Estimate the size of a sample population using the mark-recapture technique. Be able to apply the technique to new population problems and compare the mark and recapture technique to other methods of population estimation.

33. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Classwork pg. 84 (398-400 in book) Summarize the three general methods used by ecologists to study organisms Come up with NEW examples of each 1.Apply: What ecological research methods would you use to study bird migration? Explain. 2.Apply: How might an ecologist use modeling to study fire in a forest ecosystem? What might be some key variable used to create the model?