1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Origins  1800’s England  Began on farms after hundreds of years of no change  Inventions made life easier and increased productivity  More food=better diet= ________  Because of inventions less farmers were needed so people moved to cities

3. Contributing Factors  New Technology  New sources of energy & materials allowed people to change how work was done  Cottage industry vs Factory System  Factory System  Concentrates production in one place (materials, machines, labor)  Located near sources of power such as ________  Only 10% of English industry in 1850

4. The Factory System  Working Conditions:  Rigid schedule  12-16 hour day  Dangerous conditions  Monotonous

5. Textile Factory Workers in England

6. Factory Workers at Home

7. Movement of Goods  Steam Engine  Created by _________________

8. Movement of goods  Bessemer Process:____________________ (give notes answer and also look up answer on the internet and provide some specifics on process)______________________________  _____________________________________  People now needed a way to move goods

9. Movement of Goods  Creation of canals  Look up what a canal is on internet: __________________ __________________  Road surfaces made of crushed stone

10. Movement of Goods  George Stephenson  Invented the first __________________ powered locomotive “The Rocket”

11. Later Locomotives

12. Movement of Goods  Robert Fulton  First steam powered ship engine  “The Clermont”  What did he do with it? (internet) __________________ __________________ __________________

13. American Inventors  Thomas Edison: Invented the _________ & _____________  The Wright Brothers: Flew the first airplane (1903)

14. American Inventors  Henry Ford: created a low cost car using the Assembly Line: __________________________  Beginning of mass production

15. American Inventors Eli Whitney: What did he do? ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Which of Eli Whitney’s inventions is this? What did it do?_______________________ __________________________ __________________________

16. Spread of the Revolution  1850 Europe  Northeast France, slower because _____________  Germany  Northern Italy  1860s United States  After Civil War  In Asia, ______________ was the first to industrialize.

17. Effects of Industrialization  Population explosion: tripled because of __________________ __________________  Caused many problems in cities  1. Over population  2. Poor living conditions  3. No _____________ Staffordshire, England

18. Protests People began to resist the machines that took their jobs – Smashed & burned machines People who opposed machines were called Luddites – Ned Ludd: destroyed machines in 1780s Why? _______________________________________ Governments answered back – Forbid workers to organize or strike

19. Protests Labor Unions: Created to protect _______________________. – People would eventually win the right to organize – Unions would bargain for: Better wages Working hours Better working conditions

20. Effects of Protest  Factory Acts:  No children under _____________ & children could only work _______________  No women & children under 10 could work in mines  As wages increased, children no longer had to work: Why? ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Worker housing in Manchester

21. Industrialization 1850

22. Industrialization & Economics Laissez-Faire economics – Government should not interfere with the free operation of the economy – Free-market would produce more goods at a lower cost – Define: Free Market: _______________________ (Use interent)

23. Financial Growth New technology required investment of large amounts of money – Stocks or shares of a company were sold to acquire money Each stockholder owned a small part of the company

24. Financial Growth  As business grew corporations were formed  Corporation: a business owned by a number of investors  Formed monopolies: huge corporations that controlled an entire industry  IE: Standard Oil Company, John Rockefeller  Why are monopolies bad for capitalist economies?

25. Socialism Condemned capitalism – believed it created a gap between the rich & poor Socialism: –W–Wanted to create a society for the benefit of all not just the wealthy –N–No Laissez-Faire economics, they believed government should be involved in ____________ In fact ________________ should control all business activity in a given country, not ___________________ Definition: Socialism:

26. Marxism 1848: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto Communism: Classless society Marxism: –A–A form of socialism that sees class struggle as unavoidable –R–Revolution from the workers –H–History was a struggle between the “haves” and “have nots” or proletariat –G–Goal: classless society. No owners/workers divide. Everyone would be an owner and a worker.

27. Homework Complete on a separate sheet of papers 1. What caused people to leave agricultural life? 2. Describe daily life of a factory worker. Was this life an improvement over an agricultural lifestyle? 3. Define: Labor Union 4. What groups were aided by the factory acts? And how? 5. What benefits does the middle class gain as a result of the Industrial Revolution? 6. What specific inventions came as a result of the industrial Revolution? Pick the top three most important inventions and explain why.