1. Social Psychological Theories These theoretical perspectives argue that prejudice/racism are a result of a transfer of an individual’s internal psychological problems onto an external object.

2. Authoritarian Personality The F ascism Scale - devised by Adorno - replaced the Anti-Semitism (A-S) and Ethnocentrism (E) scales - Thirty questions with Likert scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree) Authoritarianism’s Origins - harsh, punitive, disciplinarian upbringing - latent hostility towards parents - anger at parents irrationally displaced onto minority groups or “fear” of parents is projected onto them.

3. Nine Authoritarian Personality Characteristics Nine Authoritarian Personality Characteristics Conventionalism Rigid adherence to “middle-class” values Sample Q: Business men are more important to society than artists and professors. Authoritarian Submission Superficial respect for authority figues Sample Q: What this country need is a few courageous, tireless leaders in whom the people can put their faith. Authoritarian Aggression Tendency to reject people who violate values Sample Q: Most of our social problems would be solved if we could somehow get rid of the immoral, crooked, and feebleminded. Conventionalism Authoritarian Submission Authoritarian Aggression Anti-Intraception Superstition & Stereotypy Power and “Toughness” Destructive Cynicism Projectivity Sex Obsession

4. Nine Authoritarian Personality Characteristics Anti-Intraception Perceiving creative people as a threat Sample Q: If people would talk less and work more, everybody would be better off. Superstition & Stereotypy The belief in mystical determinants of fate Sample Q: Everyone should have complete faith in a God whose decisions are obeyed without question. Power and “Toughness” Preoccupation with dominance/submission ideals Sample Q: People can be divided into two distinct classes: the weak and the strong.

5. Nine Authoritarian Personality Characteristics Destructive Cynicism Vilification of human beings as weak Sample Q: Human nature being what it is, there will always be war and conflict. Projectivity Constant “fear” of wild/dangerous things Sample Q: Most people don’t realize how much our lives are controlled by plots hatched in secret places. Sex Obsession Exaggerated concern with sexual “goings-on” Sample Q: Homosexuals aren’t much better than criminals and ought to be severely punished.

6. Frustration & Aggression Theories Displacement Directed enmity at (random) targets who didn’t cause your problems.Scapegoating Directed enmity at (non-random) targets who didn’t cause your problems.Projection Displacement of one’s moral or other failings onto another group. Laissez-Faire Racism Color-Blind Racism Symbolic Racism Ultimate Attribution Error Ideology of Bounded Racial Change