1. 9/29 & 9/30 ~ IMPACT OF THE Peace Treaties
DO NOW ~ Instructions from Mr. Farley about homework assignment due today
ICEBREAKER ~ OPVL
Origin – Where, When, Who
Purpose – Why did they write, draw, say etc.
Value – Why does the source hold meaning
Limitations – Bias, perspective not included

2. OPVL
SOURCE A Extract from a speech by President Woodrow Wilson in Omaha, Nebraska, USA, 8 September For the first time in history the advisers of mankind are to be drawn together and concerted all over the world … Germany is for the time being left out because we did not think that Germany was ready to come in. She says that she made a mistake. We now want her to prove it by not making the same mistake again … When an individual has committed a criminal act, the punishment is hard, but the punishment is not unjust … Every great fighting nation in the world is on the list of those who are to constitute the League of Nations. I say every great nation, because America is going to be included among them, and the only choice my fellow citizens is whether we will go in now or come in later with Germany; whether we will go in as founders of this covenant of freedom or go in as those who are admitted after they have made a mistake and regretted it.

3. OPVL
Source A is originated from a speech given by President Woodrow Wilson in Omaha, Nebraska on September 8th The purpose of this speech is to speak about countries from all over the world joining the League of Nations. He is trying to persuade America that they must join the League now as a founding member because America is one of the strongest countries in the world. He does not want America to regret not joining the League of Nations. The value in this speech is that President Wilson is arguably in charge of the strongest country in the world coming out of WWI. He came up with the idea of the League of Nations in his Fourteen Points and if America does not join the League of Nations it will be a huge mistake. He believes it is evitable that America join the League and they will either enter as a founder or with Germany later on. This speech is limited because it not address the views of other countries joining the League of Nations. Wilson viewed the League as an opportunity for countries to be diplomatic. Where as France viewed the League as something only to be used in emergency situations and would serve as a military alliance.

4. Why did Germany lose WW1?
1) Britain had blockaded Germany leading to shortages of food and fuel
2) Germany had overstretched themselves by taking over Russian territories
3) Britain and France were strengthened by their allies, the USA

5. What were the effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
3 Groups – Brainstorm – 5 minutes
Which terms of the Treaty of Versailles would make Germans feel . . .
A) Humiliated
B) Angry
C) Insecure
Which parts of the Treaty of Versailles were most likely to cause problems for the Germany?

6. Impact of Peace treaties
Overview:
Impact of treaties of central, eastern, & S. Europe created new states that were weak and politically unstable
Russian Civil War ~ stability in region (E. Europe) not possible
Balance of Power ~ Germany not in a bad position due to so many new countries
Economic problems faced by all nations
Mandate system established to administer the colonies
Mandate system allowed France and Britain to increase their influence throughout the world

7. German losses were huge:
12% of the German population lost to other nations
13% of German land gone
Food shortages due to Allied Naval Blockade
Biggest loss was the Alsace Lorraine
Land taken to create the Polish Corridor (land that gave Poland access to the sea)
Germans resented signing the Treaty of Versailles
Found it hard to keep forces at 100,000

8. Soviet Revisionism Russia underwent a Soviet revolution and civil war
Poland taken out of Soviet land—created a buffer of new nations
Treaty of Rapallo (1922) meant to undermine the Treaty of Versailles.
Agreed to forgo claims against each other
German military allowed to practice military tactics with weapons forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles

9. Little Entente
Little Entente-Alliance of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania
Military and economic cooperation
Supported by France
Poland would not join this b/c of hostility w/ Czechoslovakia
Angry over Teschen (mineral rich area claimed by both Poland and Czechoslovakia)

11. Mandate System
Wilson called for self-determination Instead there was an “administration” over new colonies
3 Levels
“A Mandates”-nations ready for independence quickly
Formerly controlled by the Ottoman Empire
“B Mandates”-less advance, not ready for independence—
Mostly in Africa, divided b/w Brits, French and the Belgium's
“C Mandates”-areas with low population, economically underdeveloped-
Usually in the Pacific
What was the different about the mandate system in comparison to previous wars, following which the victors simply annexed the land of the losers.

12. A - mandate

13. B - Mandate

14. C- Mandate

15. German Newspaper, 28th June 1919
‘Vengeance! German nation! Today in the Hall of mirrors the disgraceful treaty is being signed. Do not forget it. The German people will with unceasing labour press forward to reconquer the place among nations to which it is entitled. Then will come vengeance for the shame of 1919’
What does this source tell us about how Germans felt about the Treaty?
What does it tell us about what Germans wanted to do about the Treaty?

16. Cartoon Analysis For cartoon analysis ask yourself the following:
Time – what time period is the cartoon from
Action – what is the “motion” happening
Caption – what is written outside the picture & within the picture
Objects – identify important objects that are critical to the meaning

17. Clemenceau the Vampire, 1919
What can you learn from this source about how Germans felt about the Treaty of Versailles?
Level 1 – D - F
Short sentence answer
Simple observations – describes what can be seen
Level 2 – C
Longer sentences
Describes what can be seen
Can give a simple explanation of what the cartoon might mean
Level 3 – B
Long sentences, answer in a paragraph
Describes what can be seen accurately
Explains the overall meaning of the cartoon
Addresses the question simply
Level 4 – A
Complex sentence, possibly more than 1 paragraph
Describes the key features of the picture, explaining what each one represents and means
Writes a conclusion that answers the question

18. Analyse these 4 cartoons in your assigned groups

19. Extension – Design your own political cartoon!
Design your own cartoon about the Treaty of Versailles – Think!
Are you producing it from a British or German point of view?
How will you represent the different sides?
What will the title of your cartoon be?
What is the title? How will you use text?
You must include a TITLE, PICTURE, CAPTION, & SUMMARY of your cartoon
You must also include a OPVL analysis of your cartoon...
Design a OPVL analysis appropriate for your cartoon!

20. Exit Card Explain why Germany lost WWI.
In what ways was the Treaty of Versailles unfair?
What were the political, economic, and social consequences of the treaties following WWI?