1. Edexcel GCSE History - S H P Crime and Punishment Unit Revision Mindmaps – Core content By Mr Wallbanks

2. Crime and Punishment in the Early Modern Era (1450- 1700) The introduction of Transportation Reasons for severe approach to punishment Attitudes to crime Early policing Types of Crime The Bloody Code Treason The Vagabonds Jonathan Wild Guy Fawkes & the Gunpowder Plot Smuggling Poaching Theft Constables & Watchmen Hue and Cry

3. How did the growth of towns lead to increases in the number & types of crime? Problems of policing Response of the people The Tolpuddle Martyrs Problems caused by the development of towns Attitudes of the authorities. Their crime Transportation Attitudes of law makers Smuggling Poaching

4. Prison conditions and prison reformers 1750 – 1900. The work of John Howard Silent and separate systems New prisons/ improvements Prison conditions The work of Elizabeth Fry The end of transportation Changing attitudes to the purpose of prison The end of the Bloody Code The end of public execution

5. The development of the police force Why the police were introduced? Opposition to early police Dealing with riots & law and order What did the Bow Street Runners do? Sir Robert Peel Limitations Later developments The army as riot control The Fielding Brothers Successes Early problems/ successes The Peterloo Massacre

6. How did the nature of punishment change 1750 - 1900? Changing attitudes to punishment The end of transportation The end of the Bloody Code The end of public executions Increasing use of prisons

7. Two Key Events of the 20 th Century How has terrorism changed the work of the police Problems facing the police Events Who was Derek Bentley? July bombings Why his case is so important Effect on attitudes to execution Abolition of execution Crime His punishment Consequences

8. How policing developed in the 20 th century. Responding to new types of crime Handling complaints against the police The changing role of the police Community Policing Specialisation of the police Using new technology Dealing with terrorism Changing attitudes to the police. Crime prevention & detecting criminals

9. New crimes or old in the 21 st century? Computer crimes How has the government become involved in the defining of crime? Smuggling? What effect does new technology have on crime? Are there any new crimes ? Traffic offences Race relationship laws Car crime People trafficking Tax evasion

10. How have punishments changed in the 20 th century? Prisons and young people New punishments/ alternatives to prison Women in prisons Changes in the purpose of prisons Why was the death penalty abolished?

11. A) Witchcraft in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Why were people afraid of witchcraft? How did the authorities make this a crime? How were witches punished? Why did society undergo a witchcraft craze? - You need to focus on the influence of the attitudes in society on the fear of witches. Why did the fear of witchcraft die out? Finally you need to be able to identify how the changing of attitudes resulted in changes to the law. B) Conscientious objection in the twentieth century. How were the Conscientious Objectors punished by the authorities in the First and Second World Wars? What were the attitudes in society of the Conscientious Objectors? Why was being a CO considered to be a crime in World War One and why did attitudes to being a CO change? How did the changing of attitudes towards being a CO result in changes to the law? C) Domestic violence in the twentieth century. How have attitudes towards domestic violence changed? What caused these changes? You need to understand why domestic violence was not considered to be a crime and why attitudes to domestic violence changed. You need to be able to identify how the changing of attitudes resulted in changes to the law. You need to understand how authority reacted to domestic violence and how those involved were punished. Extension Studies (You must know all 3 inside out as the questions on this are worth 50% of this unit’s mark)

12. Witchcraft in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. How did the authorities make this a crime? How were witches punished? Why were people afraid of witchcraft? Why did society undergo a witchcraft craze? - Matthew Hopkins Elizabeth I’s laws Why did the fear of witchcraft die out? Finally you need to be able to identify how the changing of attitudes resulted in changes to the law. Henry VIII’s laws King James I witchcraft laws King James I’s book

13. Conscientious objection in the twentieth century. Second World War First World War Why did attitudes to being a CO change First World War Punishments How the law changed as a result of changing attitudes The attitudes of the authorities to COs Attitudes to C Os by society Second World War First World War Second World War

14. Domestic violence in the twentieth century. How authority reacted to domestic violence. Why domestic violence was not considered to be a crime. Jack Ashley How those involved were punished. How have attitudes towards domestic violence changed? Why attitudes to domestic violence changed. How changing attitudes resulted in changes to the law. What caused these changes? Erin Pizzey Protest groups The media