2. University of Notre Dame Department of Risk Management and Safety 2013 General Lab Refresher Training

3. Laboratory Safety Risk Management & Safety 631-5037 http://riskmanagement.nd.edu Training Includes Chemical and General Lab Safety, Emergency Response, Personal Protective Equipment and Hazardous Waste Management Training

4. Hazards  Animals  *Biologicals  Chemicals  *Radiation If you work with Biolohazards or radiation, you will need to complete additional training Hazards  Animals  *Biologicals  Chemicals  *Radiation If you work with Biolohazards or radiation, you will need to complete additional training Hazard Transmission  Absorption  Ingestion  Inhalation  Injection Hazard Transmission  Absorption  Ingestion  Inhalation  Injection Hazard & risk must be communicated to ALL staff! Hazard Modifiers  Procedures  Equipment  Facility  People Laboratory Risk Assessment

5. Chemical Hazards Physical Hazards Health Hazards There are two general hazard classes that must be evaluated when assessing the safety of a chemical:

6. Chemical Hazards: Physical Hazards  Compressed Gas - cylinders of compressed gas are under intense pressure. (Hydrogen, Argon, Chlorine gases)  Corrosivity – strong acids and bases can cause visible destruction of metals at the site of contact. (Hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, sodium hydroxide)  Flammability - both solid and liquid chemicals can serve as fuel sources to support a fire. (Acetone, methanol, ethyl acetate, ether)  Reactivity - many substances will react violently if allowed contact with air, water or other chemicals. Friction, shock, light or heat can be enough to trigger some reactions. (Sodium metal, phosphorous, n-butyl lithium, picric acid)  Oxidizability – compounds that release oxygen as they decompose. React with flammables (potassium permanganate, sulfuric and nitric acid, ammonium nitrate)

7. Chemical Hazards: Health Hazards  Irritants - cause reversible inflammation of skin, eyes or nasal passages. (Cleaning compounds, powdered salts )  Sensitizers - cause allergic reaction after repeated exposures. Individual sensitivities vary. (Cupferron and hydrazobenzene)  Carcinogens - alter DNA or cause cells with altered DNA to multiply. (Benzene, Acetaldehyde, Acrylamide, Acrylonitrile, butadiene)  Systemic Toxins - typically target a specific organ or system (liver, kidney, blood, nervous system, reproductive system, etc.).  Toxins – based on dose. Anything can be poisonous. (Ethidium bromide, phenol, Sodium cyanide)  Corrosives – cause burns to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract. HF is not like typical mineral acids. It is extremely toxic and penetrates to the bone. Calcium gluconate is the only antidote that should be used on an HF burn. (Common acids and bases, phenol)

8. Changes due to Global Harmonization Global harmonization is a regulatory change in the way hazards are communicated to employees. Material Safety Data Sheets NOW called Safety Data Sheets. Material (M) has been removed. Hazard Pictograms Changes and Additions (see next slide) Labeling: secondary containers must be labeled with the chemical name and hazard warning (as listed on the original container). 7

10. Hazard Classes The previous slides describe hazard classes and several examples were given. It is your responsibility to understand the hazards of the materials that you are working with. Ask your supervisor, check bottle label and SDS for the products you are working with.

11. Routes of Entry Road map to the body Inhalation Skin Absorption Ingestion Injection The link between hazardous chemicals and adverse health effects lies in exposure.

12. ) SDS Includes the following:  Product Information  Fire and Explosion  Toxicology  Health Effects  PPE  Storage  Leaks and Spills  Waste Disposal  First Aid  Regulatory Compliance (DOT, SARA, RCRA)

13. Finding an (M)SDS Chemical manufacturers and distributors CANNOT refuse a request for an (M)SDS. There are excellent on-line (M)SDS databases: http://www.hazard.com/msds/index.php http://riskmanagement.nd.edu/safety-policies- consumer-warnings-and-reports/laboratory- policies-and-manuals/material-safety-data- sheets/

14. University of Notre Dame Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)  Contains roles and responsibilities of all lab personnel  Contains information and procedures that laboratory personnel can use to protect themselves from the chemicals they work with  First place to look for answers to questions you might have regarding chemical or laboratory issues  Located on Risk Management and Safety website  http://riskmanagement.nd.edu  Topics include: - Emergency Response- Personal Protective Eq. - Chemical compatibility -Waste Management - Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

15. Personal Protective Equipment  EVEN IF YOU THINK THE CHEMICALS,BIOLOGICALS OR RADIOACTIVES ARE NON-HAZARDOUS YOU MUST:  Wear gloves are required anytime you are handling chemicals, biologicals and radioactive materials  Wear eye protection anytime you are handling chemicals, biologicals, radioactive materials, doing grinding or milling operations OR are in the lab where others are working with chemicals that pose a splash hazard. Lab coats are required when working with biologicals, high hazard chemicals and radioactive materials  Open toed shoes do not protect your feet and ARE NOT allowed in the laboratory. (NO FLIP FLOPS, SANDALS, crocs, etc) PPE should NOT be worn outside the Laboratory!

16. Gloves Be sure you know which type of glove is appropriate for the work you are doing: Cryogenics Thermal Toxics/Solvents

17. Chemical Fume Hood Airflow into the hood prevents chemicals inside from migrating out into your breathing zone. If air velocity into the hood is impeded or slowed, the hoods ability to capture chemicals is compromised. Factors that affect airflow: Bulky objects: blocking baffles or airfoils Drafts (people walking behind) Sash Height – don’t exceed marked max height

18. Gas Cylinder Safety Storage and Handling –Gas cylinders should not be stored in exits or egress routes or blocking any safety equipment –Gas cylinders (excluding lecture bottles) should be stored in an upright position and with safety caps in place unless in use. –Use only the appropriate regulator for the gas –Gas cylinders must be secured with a chain or appropriate belt above the midpoint but below the shoulder of the cylinder –For further information on safe handling of compressed gases: http://riskmanagement.nd.edu/training/training- videos/http://riskmanagement.nd.edu/training/training- videos/

19. Electrical Safety Eliminate frayed or worn wiring Never stretch wires across floor or other equipment. Staff should know location of circuit breakers Match size of extension cord to appliance power cord to prevent cord overheating. Extension cords are not intended for "permanent" installations -- appliances shall be connected to permanently wired receptacles.

20. Example of Poor Storage Never store a chemical with a missing or obscured label Return bottles to shelf with label facing outward Expired Chemicals should NOT be placed back in storage for use. Container must be labeled for disposal through Risk Management and Safety Broken or leaking bottles need to be attended to immediately. All chemicals (including solutions and chemicals transferred from their original containers) shall be labeled with their common names and concentrations and hazard class. Must be written in English and no personal shorthand/abbreviations

21. Refrigerators and Freezers Ordinary household refrigerators and freezers constitute a hazard when used for storage of flammable or unstable chemicals. These units produce conditions that can lead to explosions. Domestic refrigerators should not be used for flammable chemical storage. "Lab-safe" refrigerators and freezers (designed for storage of flammable liquids) must be used for flammable chemicals. Refrigerators (and microwaves) should be labeled “NO FOOD or DRINK” or similar language

22. Chemical Waste Disposal Satellite Accumulation Label (3 things): Must be labeled as soon as first drop/mg of waste is put into the container. Words “waste or “hazardous waste” Description or Name of chemical(s): Solid Waste and Aqueous Waste are not ACCEPTABLE descriptions Container Compatible and in good condition Has “tight-fitting” closure and container is closed unless adding waste. Secondary Containment Necessary: To segregate incompatibles IF stored on floor

23. Chemical Waste Disposal Satellite Accumulation EXCEPTION TO “Container is closed/capped unless adding waste” If you notice container contents bubbling/off gassing while filling or after commingling – place in hood and loosen cap!

24. Waste

25. Generator SignsFaculty last name printed 4 Liters Chemistry 341 Acetone 20 Methanol 40 Abbreviations and formulas NOT acceptable Person who generates waste signs form RM&S use ONLY Chloroform 40

26. Fire 1.Alert others 2. Close doors; pull fire alarm 3. Call 911 or 631-5555 (from cell phone) 4.Use fire extinguisher:  If trained  If fire is small  If you have a way out  PASS Principle 5. Notify supervisor 6.Call NDFD 631-6200 7.Clean up Fire 1.Alert others 2. Close doors; pull fire alarm 3. Call 911 or 631-5555 (from cell phone) 4.Use fire extinguisher:  If trained  If fire is small  If you have a way out  PASS Principle 5. Notify supervisor 6.Call NDFD 631-6200 7.Clean up Emergency Response Basics

27. Chemical Spill 1.Alert others 2. Clean up if you can 3.If not, evacuate area. 4.Working hours: call 631-5037 After hours: call 911 or 631-5555 5.Give the following information to dispatch: Call Back Number Location of emergency Type of emergency Chemical or biohazard name Chemical Spill 1.Alert others 2. Clean up if you can 3.If not, evacuate area. 4.Working hours: call 631-5037 After hours: call 911 or 631-5555 5.Give the following information to dispatch: Call Back Number Location of emergency Type of emergency Chemical or biohazard name Emergency Response Basics

28. Spill Response Be prepared for emergencies Each lab is responsible to have appropriate spill response materials available

29. Chemical Spills Identify the chemical Assess your ability to safely contain and clean up the spill: CAN I CAN safely clean it up CANNOT I CANNOT safely clean it up (spill size, chemical identification, PPE) Notify coworkers and vacate/secure the area Working hours: 631-5037 After hours call 911 On cell: 574-631-5555 Use spill kit to contain and clean up the spill (MSDS helps) Notify coworkers and secure the area Call Risk Management to confirm clean up

30.  Check the scene and victim:  Scene safe? What happened? How many victims?  Call 911 or 574-631-5555 (from a cell phone) for medical help if victim is:  Unconscious, has trouble breathing, has chest pain/pressure, bleeding severely, has possible broken bones, has persistent pressure/pain in abdomen, is vomiting/passing blood, has seizures, headache or slurred speech  Care for victim:  Only if you are trained, do not move unless you have training, provide CPR and first aid if trained, comfort victim until help arrives Emergency Response: Medical Emergencies

31. Chemical/Biological Exposures Needle Sticks: Squeeze wound to draw blood Wash thoroughly with soap and water Identify source (consent?) Ocular Exposures: Dermal Exposures: Rinse at eyewash at least 15 minutes Hold eye open to ensure effective wash Rinse under drench shower at least 15 minutes Remove all contaminated clothing Seek Medical Treatment Your supervisor must fill out an accident/exposure form

32. ??? Questions ??? Your Principal Investigator or designee should review lab specific hazards, personal protective equipment requirements/certification form and standard operating procedures. If you have any questions regarding what you have read in this training session, please talk to your Principal Investigator, supervisor, Department Safety Coordinator or Risk Management and Safety. 31

33. Telephone Numbers Risk Management and Safety: 631-5037 Risk Management & Safety website: www.riskmanagement.nd.edu www.riskmanagement.nd.edu After hours, weekends, holidays: Call ND Security: – 911 from campus phone –574-631-5555 from a cell phone

34. Please Complete Refresher Quiz Refresher quiz If link does not open, right mouse click on it, then click on open hyperlink. 33