1. History of Computers Timeline Presented by: Amanda and Andy

2. Earliest forms 300 B.C.: The abacus is believed to have been the earliest known calculating device. AD 1625: The Slide rule was able to perform mathematical calculations. AD 1642: The Pascaline was used by; rotating the gears, the user could perform basic mathematical operations.

3. The 1800’s 1801: Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents an automatic weaving loom that reads instructions from punched cards. 1830: The Analytical Engine, is considered to be a computer in the modern sense of the word. (created by; Charles Babbage) 1833: Augusta Ada Lovelace is generally recognized as the world’s first computer programmer. 1890: The Tabulating machine which could automatically read census information punched onto cards.

4. The 1900’s 1941: The Z3, was the world’s first fully functional, programmed- controlled computer. 1942: Atanasoff-Berry Computer was not designed for general- purpose processing. 1943: The Colossus, a computer used by the British to crack German codes during World War II. 1944: The Mark I, which data was stored electronically inside the device with the use of electromagnetic rays. 1945: Dr. John von Neumann describes the stored program concepts. (written)

5. Continued.. 1946: The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC), which was used by the U.S government for a variety of computing tasks. 1947: The Transistor would lead to the development of smaller and faster computers. 1951: The Universal Automatic Computer is the first commercial computer produced in the United States. 1953: IBM introduced its new model 650 computer.

6. Continued…. 1956: IBM’s 305 RAMAC, was the first computer to use magnetic disk storage 1957: John Backus at IBM introduces an efficient and easy-to-use programming language, called FORTRAN (Formula Translation) 1957: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik I, the first orbiting satellite. 1958: Jack Kilby invents the integrated circuit. (later would be used for larger storage capacity)

7. The 1960’s 1960: Grace Hopper, helped develop Common Business-Oriented Language. 1965: John Kemeny helped develop the basic programming language. 1969: The United States Defense Advanced Research Agency (ARPA) establishes ARPLANET, wide area linking colleges. 1970: The powerful UNLX operating system is developed at Bell Laboratories. 1970: A new generation of computers emerged.

8. 1970’s part 1 1971: Ted Hoff develops the Intel 4004 microprocessor. 1971: A team of IBM engineers introduced the first 8-inch memory disk. 1971: Cray research finder, introduces the Cray-1, worlds first super computer. (can process complex applications)

9. 1970’s part 2 1972: Hewlett-Packard introduces a series of scientific pocket calculators. 1972: The C programming language is developed at Bell Laboratories. 1973: Xerox’s Palo Alto research center develops the Alto computer.

10. Continued… 1975: Dr. Robert Metcalf develops Ethernet. (The first local network) 1976-1977: (1976) Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, built the first apple computer., the following year Apple introduced the Apple II personal computer, capable of displaying texts and graphics. 1978: VisiCalc, for the Apple II computer, Daniel Bricklin and Bob Frankston Developed this.

11. 1980’s part 1 1980: MSDOS was developed, bill gates accepted the offer IBM made. 1980: Sony Electronics introduces the 3.5-inch floppy disk and disk drive. 1981: IBM introduces the IBM PC 1981: The first computer virus, called ELK Cloner, this affected the Apple II spreadsheet.

12. 1980’s part 2 1982: 80286 microprocessor was introduced by Intel Corporation. 1982: Time magazine names the computer “man of the year” 1982: Compaq Computer Corporation is founded.

13. Continued…. 1983: Lotus Development Corporation is founded by partners Mitch Kapor, and Jonathon Sachs. 1983: Microsoft announces Microsoft windows. 1984: first Macintosh computer is introduced by Apple. 1985: 386 microprocessor was introduced by Intel Corporation. 1985: The first CD-ROM players became available.

14. Continued.. 1986: Microsoft Corporation has its initial public offering (IPO) of its stock. 1988: Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is developed. 1989: The World, (first internet service provider) appears and begins offering dial up service. 1989: 486 microprocessor is introduced by Intel Corporation.

15. 1990’s 1990: Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web (WWW), he also invents and introduces the first browser. 1993: Mosaic, the first web browser, is released. 1993: Apple Computer, is one of the first companies to offer Personal Digital Assistants, (PDA) introduces Newton Message pad.

16. Continued… 1994: Netscape Communications Corporation is founded by Jim Clark and Marc Andreesen. 1994: Linux kernel is created by Linus Torvalds. 1995: Microsoft releases Internet Explorer browser. 1995: James Gosling introduces JAVA. 1995: Microsoft introduces Windows ‘95.

17. 1996 1996: Internet2 is launched, an advanced network that enables instructions. 1996: one/ third of the U.S. homes now have a personal computer, two/ thirds of the U.S employees have access to a computer. 1996: Microsoft releases windows upgrade, Windows NT 4.0 1996: WebTV is introduced

18. 1997 1997: Manufactures begin selling DVD players. 1997: More than 50 million people use the internet and web. 1997: Pentium II microprocessor containing 7.5 million transistors are introduced by Intel Corporation.

19. 1998 1998: Microsoft begins shipping windows ‘98. 1998: The IMAC is introduced by Apple and is now being sold.

20. 1999 1999: PALM releases its first handheld PC, PALM VII. 1999: The Blackberry, was introduced 1999: people are concerned about the new millennium coming and the old computers not being able to use. 1999: Microsoft begins shipping WINDOWS 2000.

21. Continued… 2002: A variety of technologies are now able to be used on Windows XP 2003: Microsoft launches office 2003. 2003: Apple introduces the IPOD, online music business. 2003: The Recording Industry association of America (RIAA) seeking to protect its music-producing members.

22. New Millennium 2000: Intel introduces Pentium 4 2000: USB ports, are introduced. 2001: Intel Corporations and Hewlett-Packed jointly produce a 64-bit microprocessor, called Itanium. 2001: Microsoft introduces Microsoft XP

23. 2004-2005 2004: IBM launches the worlds fastest supercomputer, called Blue Gene/L. 2004: More than 69 million U.S now use broadband connections. 2005: Smartphone's have become the most widely used device. 2005: Mozilla creates the Firefox browser and claims 10% of the market.

24. Now… 2006: For the first six months of 2006 the retail sales have exceeded 51 billion dollars. 2006: Many cities and businesses begin offering citizens and customers economical broadband connectivity to the internet. 2007: Microsoft introduces Windows vista. 2007: now online users spend about 14 hours a week on the internet.