1. © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and Security Variable Data Printing (SVDP) 20 September 2006 NIP 22 Steven Simske Principal Scientist, Security Printing, HP Labs John R. Hattersley (InData Systems), Galia Golodetz (HP- Indigo), James Stasiak (Hewlett-Packard), Jason Aronoff (HP Labs)

2. © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Outline:  Security printing overview  Overt and covert features  Ink considerations  Handheld reader considerations  Linking the ink and reader  Results

3. © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Security Printing Overview

4. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Security Printing Overview Adding security to packages and other printed materials Overt deterrents Covert deterrents Semi-covert deterrents Decoy deterrents “Bait” deterrents Forensic deterrents Security variable data printing (SVDP) Algorithms for deterrents and security Authentication services Novel SVDP architectures

5. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Elements Of Security Printing Security Printing Campaign Pre-flight, Proofing Security VDP Variable-Data Press Security Keys Key Distribution Authentication Devices and Services Deterrent Registry Substrate, Ink, Finishing Selection Device Security Services

6. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Variable Data Printing is: Variable Data Deterrent Sets Label Template Security VDP Label Merge Sequence Variable Data from Queue

7. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Security Printing Services are “front end” and “back end” Security printing campaign and RIP  Variable Data Printing with security features Security through security VDP Security through hybridization (keyed linking/association of deterrents using variable hashing, linking and matching approaches) Authentication services Inspection services Investigative / indictment services Educational services Forensic services

8. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Security Features Overt printing features −Tie to anti-tamper (e.g. sandwich printing) −Customer authenticable −Difficult-to-reproduce −Retailer-assisting Covert printing features −Hybridization −Steganography Forensic features −Ink signature −Finisher / coating signature Decoy features Bait features

9. © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Overt and Covert Features

10. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 More colors—more overt possibilities

11. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Overt Deterrents Colorants with Narrow Bandgaps: Dyes, Pigments, Quantum Dots, Carbon Nanotubules Wide Color Palette with Press- Specific Patterning Microtext “googolfonts”

12. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Overt + Anti-Tamper: Substrate/ink Layering through Sandwich Printing (Below left). The use of sandwich printing on the HP Indigo Press for creating a peel-off label. A CMYK print can be seen through the transparent substrate (light layer, top), while three spot color layers (the minimum number of layers to create an opaque barrier) are used to hide the underlying message (in black spot color) until the substrate is peeled off.

13. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Covert Example: Infrared Opaque / Transparent Inks Use process (IR-opaque) inks in combination with IR-transparent inks (such as Anoto black) to provide a visibly identical, but IR-varying feature Symbolic absorbance characteristics of a infrared- opaque black ink (e.g. process black or HP C6119A) and an infrared-transparent black ink (e.g. Anoto black or HP 1918). Symbolic reflectance characteristics of an ink containing green and infrared reflecting (or fluorescing) pigments.

14. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Multi-Functional (Combining Overt & Covert) Deterrent Example Use process (IR-opaque) inks in combination with IR-transparent inks (such as Anoto black) to provide a visibly identical, but IR-varying feature Symbolic absorbance characteristics of a infrared- opaque black ink (e.g. process black) and an infrared- transparent black ink (e.g. Anoto black). Visible appearance IR scans of the deterrents Static IR substrate Black Ink Masks: Process Black as Black, Anoto Black as White Here + Either or both layers can contain nanoparticular reagents

15. © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Ink Considerations

16. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Ink Reagents Colorants: Dyes and pigments Solvents, Co-solvents Binders/Stabilizers Humectants (hygroscopic reagents) Surfactants / Dispersing Agents Anti-kogation additives (bubble formation stability) Anti-cockle additives (wrinkle/ripple prevention) Biocides Chelation Agents Buffer (pH) Security Additives: Antibodies and taggants (DNA, RNA, etc.); conductive elements; covert ingredients All of these may be formulated with spectrally variable reagents:

17. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Factors In Ink choices Colorant availability and cost Absorption (excitation) characteristics Emission characteristics Printing technologies (specialty ingredients: metallics, etc.) Machine cleaning Web Press Ink Mixing Station

18. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Specialty Inks Difficult to reproduce colors/palettes Metallics Special properties: magnetic, conductive, capacitive UV/IR Deterrent Handheld Reader Optics

19. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 UV/IR inks UV Illuminant UV/IR inks can be printed with the same feature density as visible inks--readers for UV and IR are continually improving, too. Spectral response and pigment/ink reagents can be used for forensic authentication Courtesy Inc.Jet UV barcode scanner

20. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Ink security via taggants Ingredients in your inks (pigments, solvents, etc.) Relative concentrations of your ingredients High-end covert (metallic, thermochromic, color- shifting) Overt + Covert (e.g. like-appearing overt inks with 2+ properties) Covert (IR, UV) Forensic taggants Surface Analysis Courtesy Molecular Isotope Technologies

21. © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Handheld Reader Considerations

22. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 LED ARRAY Matched to absorption peak of ink pigment MODULAR OPTICS LENS Compatible with emission bandgap OPTIC PATHWAY FILTER Matched to the emission bandgap HANDHELD READER Image formed BARCODE READER Firmware for barcode reading onboard IMAGE CAPTURE Image stored at 1, 8, + bits USB / RS232 / Serial / Wireless Data Pipe

23. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Considerations and Approaches LEDs (from 365 nm-800 nm) are readily available Filters are readily available in the same range Barcode readers are standardized and provide an excellent comparative metric for any ink/ISHR combination LEDs are not FDA regulated, and ready to ship at 365 nm The optics are modular to allow a single reader to support multiple inks The LEDs are matched with the ink peak absorption wavelength The filters are matched to the ink emission bandgap

24. © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Linking the Ink and Reader

25. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Variability in the inks can be tied to the overall printing + authentication “ecosystem” variability Altering which reagents are used Altering which reagents have spectrally varying properties Altering reagent concentrations Altering which ink layers these reagents reside in Static and variable/programmable ink-specific readers Varying / hybridized overt effects Multiple (physical) modalities of deterrence ρ= Rwt/L t w L R

26. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Case Study: Development of Near-Nano Ink Product Description: 6105 Silver Conductor is a flexible, low electrical resistance, screen printable composition. Processing Substrates: Polyester, paper, polyimide, other plastics, FR4 Screen Mesh and Type: 200 to 325 mesh stainless steel, 230 to 305 mesh polyester, ½ mil. emulsion Squeeze: 70 durometer Typical Cure Cycle: 30 to 60 minutes at 130°C in a box oven or IR equivalent. Resistance can be lowered at higher cure temperatures. Typical Cured Print Thickness: 8 to 10 microns Typical Properties: Viscosity 20K to 40K cps, HBT #3 spindle, 10 rpm; Percent Solids 76 to 82; Coverage 100 to 200 sq cm/gm depending on screen; Sheet Resistivity Less than 3 milliohms per square per mil on higher temp substrates; Less than 5 milliohms per square per mil on lower temp substrates; Adhesion Passes cross hatch tape test (3M Scotch Tape #810); Clean Up Isopropyl Alcohol or Acetone ρ= Rwt/L t w L R

27. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Qualification of Conductive Inks Reflective inks can be read if contrast with the substrate is high Reflection can be filtered Default handheld scanner, 400 nm LEDs, can read 20 mil (0.5 mm) module 2D Data Matrix barcodes With filtering this can be extended to the low end of the spec. range (10 mil, 0.25 mm)

28. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Devices must span from the consumer to the retailer to the inspector to the forensic analyst Courtesy Newport Courtesy InData Systems

29. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Interaction of ink with substrate is an important driver of ecosystem Printed size 12 by 5 mm Courtesy MediaSec Example of deterrents that are robust to the quality of the printing: tile-like patterns and the MediaSec copy detection pattern (CDP), which bridges the overt/covert and original/copy gaps, and can be hybridized (through the use of a security key) to each other. One reading device can scan both deterrents simultaneously and obtain much greater security than for an individual deterrent

30. © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Results

31. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Effect of Substrate on the Image Capture (IR Ink) Purple Pastel Pink Pastel Gold Pastel Bright White (Office Paper)

32. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006 Sample UV Image Capture

33. Ink-Specific Handheld Readers and SVDP NIP 22, 20 Sept 2006

36. TIJ black ink and 45 cartridge over pastel paper substrate

37. © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Acknowledgments: Maureen Brock, Phil Keenan, Dave Kellar and Henry Sang InData Systems, MediaSec, Methode