2. bulky bulbs easily blown pens used for writing on transparency film are messy don’t allow for much student interaction in lesson

3. Less mess because no ink or transparencies are necessary Allow for more student interactio n in lesson Can be mounted to wall Have ability to offer multimedia experience much more easily

4. Enhances: ease of presenting information in comparison to chalkboards Reverses:  instrument that allows for less messy presentation of materials, allows for teacher to be away from overhead projector to teach, and allows for more student participation Rekindles:  enjoyment of lesson presentation because of increased interaction by all participants Obsoletes:  chalkboards  primarily verbal lectures without visual aids

5. Enhances: Student ability to participate directly in instruction because they can manipulate information on the screen Reverses: Device that allows students to participate from their own seats instead of having to go up to the interactive whiteboard to contribute Rekindles: Student interaction in instruction Teacher creativity Obsoletes: Overhead projectors

6. In your opinion, why did the district switch from overhead projectors to interactive whiteboards? Has the use of interactive whiteboards improved instruction?

7. Which of the Six Forces are useful in explaining the emergence of overhead projectors? Evolutionary Technologies Rhymes of History Overhead Projectors entered the classroom as a desire for student interaction in instruction increased. This technology rekindled the desire of teachers in the past to encourage students to take ownership of their learning.

8.  Overhead Projectors › As technology evolved, the limitations of overhead projectors in satisfying the need for interaction caused them to become obsolete.  Interactive Whiteboards › The level of interaction led to the emergence of this technology. Students and teachers could manipulate items on the screen as well as provide for more effective multimedia instructional experiences. Courtesy of Google Images

9.  Overhead Projectors › Did not allow for as much interactivity as was once thought when they first emerged  Interacti ve Whiteboards › Reminded teachers of the level of interaction that came with chalkboards when they were first put up in the front of classrooms hundreds of years ago Courtesy of Google Images

10. Interactive whiteboards did not appear “out of nowhere”, so I would not consider them to be a disruptive technology. However, since they replaced overhead projectors, some might classify them that way. Interactive whiteboards did shake things up when they appeared because they offered teachers and students a new way to interact with their learning. Courtesy of Google Images

11.  Overhead Projectors › It has not been common to see movies or read novels/short stories featuring these as high-level, futuristic technologies.  Interactive Whiteboards › Many movies (like Minority Report) from the early 1990s on have featured touch-screen devices that may have inspired this technology. Courtesy of Google Images

12. Since their appearance on the market, interactive whiteboards have edged out overhead projectors to the point that all they do is gather dust on shelves in the back of media center closets.

13. Courtesy of Google Images While interactive whiteboards and overhead projectors did not have the type of relationship that is typically associated with Red Queens, I think that manufacturers of interactive whiteboards are battling one another to gain dominance over the market.

14. Will students have the ability to send data to interactive whiteboards via their cell phones? Will students have desks with built-in interactive whiteboards?

15. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2010).Evolutionary technologies. Baltimore, MD: Author. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2010). Increasing returns. Baltimore, MD: Author. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2010). Leading and managing educational technology. Baltimore, MD: Author. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2010). Red queens. Baltimore, MD: Author. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2010). Science fiction. Baltimore, MD: Author. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2010). Six forces that drive emerging technologies. Baltimore, MD: Author. Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press. Soloway, E. (n.d.). Emerging vs. Emerged Technologies. Podcast. Thornburg, D. D. (2008b). Emerging technologies and McLuhan's Laws of Media. Lake Barrington, IL: Thornburg Center for Space Exploration.Emerging technologies and McLuhan's Laws of Media Thornburg, D. (2008b). Red Queens, butterflies, and strange attractors: Imperfect lenses into emergent technologies. Lake Barrington, IL: Thornburg Center for Space Exploration. Thornburg, D. D. (2009b). When is a technology emergent? Lake Barrington, IL: Thornburg Center for Space Exploration.