1. Symphony Environmental Technologies Copyright Symphony Environmental Ltd

2. Symphony Environmental Technologies Symphony is a British public company, listed on the London Stock Exchange Invested $30 million in R&D Represented in 92 countries worldwide Chairman is a leading Member of the European Parliament. Welcomes Croatia 2

3. Symphony’s Technical Team Two Professors Two Ph D’s Two M Sc’s Two B Sc’s Experts with more than 30 years experience in plastics factories Four laboratories 3

4. Symphony’s Technologies In 2009 only d2w Controlled-life Plastic NOW:- d2p Anti-microbial Plastic d2Detector -Anti-counterfeiting w2v Tyre recycling processes 4

5. D2p Ant-microbial protecting health Adding d 2 p to your product or packaging provides it with antimicrobial performance This means that any harmful bacteria or fungi that come into contact with your product or packaging will not be passed on through human contact The bacteria will be killed off within a short time period So not only is your product good for its original purpose but it also has the added value of helping to protect human health and to preserve food This is your opportunity to be an innovator and use d 2 p to your advantage Adding Value

6. 1% d2p Antifungal Control Bread slices inoculated with Penicillium roqueforti spores at 6 dpi* (3 replicas) *dpi – days post inoculation d 2 p anti-fungal: Example d 2 p anti-fungal © Copyright Symphony Environmental Ltd

7. The unique nature of d 2 p gives polymer excellent bacterial protection from: Healthcare Infections Bacteria grow on almost any surface imaginable, many healthcare applications would benefit from having d 2 p treated door handles, soap dispensers, storage units, waste bins and bags. d 2 p is an easy, cost effective solution to protect patients and staff. Food Related Bacteria If left untreated harmful bacteria such as E.Coli and Salmonella can grow on surfaces within a matter of minutes. Chopping boards, serving utensils, food storage containers and other items that come into contact with food are all at risk of contamination. d 2 p prevents the growth of these bacteria within a durable, wash proof application. 3- d 2 p applications d 2 p antimicrobial

8. d2t The scale of counterfeiting By 2015 the cost of counterfeiting and piracy will reach $1.7trillion a year 2.5million jobs are at risk every year Black market for cigarettes $50billion each year International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) The cost of counterfeit medicines alone is estimated to be $75billion Approximately 15% of all medicines sold world wide are counterfeit World Health Organisation (WHO)

11. Tyre Disposal A global problem (illegal dumping, stockpiles, tyre mountains) An unsightly and unproductive use of land and a public-health hazard Annual tyre production in 2011 exceeded 1 billion across 450 factories worldwide Almost half of all rubber produced is used in tyres Copyright Symphony Recycling Technologies Ltd

12. Symphony has developed a simple solution to one of the world’s biggest waste problems Copyright Symphony Recycling Technologies Ltd SymTyre-S300

13. Plastic:  Lightweight  Flexible  Strong/Durable  Economical  Heat sealable  Impervious to moisture  Printable  Recyclable 13

14. 14 BUT PLASTIC CAN LAST FOR MANY DECADES IN THE ENVIRONMENT

15. 15 THE PROBLEM

16. 16 d2w Technology The fundamental point about this technology is that the d2w additive included at manufacture turns ordinary plastic at the end of its useful life in the presence of oxygen into a material with a different molecular structure. At that stage it is NO LONGER A PLASTIC and has become a material which is inherently biodegradable in the open environment in the same way as a leaf. It does NOT just cause plastic to fragment

17. 17 LEGISLATION The governments of the following countries carefully considered d2w technology as an option for dealing with the problem of plastic waste which escapes into the open environment. They then passed legislation which makes it mandatory to use the technology :- Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzogovina, Albania, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Morocco, Mauritania, DR Congo, Mali, Togo, Cameroun, Yemen, Iran, Ecuador, Brazil (part) and Argentina (part). Other countries will be following their example. WHY?

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20. 20 LEGISLATION PLASTICS FACTORIES WILL NOT BE ABLE TO EXPORT TO THOSE COUNTRIES UNLESS THEY ARE USING d2w TECHNOLOGY

21. PLASTICS INDUSTRY Now adopting d2w all over the world to defend itself from complaints that their products will pollute the environment for decades. There is no longer any need for, nor excuse for, old-fashioned conventional plastic for disposable products 21

22. 22 LEGISLATION - ITALY The UK (and the EU Commission) have objected because the proposed plastic bag ban was not only illegal under EU law, but was an attempt to give an unfair advantage to a large Italian company by exempting the type of biodegradable plastic made by them from the ban. For details see the OPA website www.biodeg.org. The Italian legislation is not therefore likely to be allowed by the EU. www.biodeg.org Their type of plastic is designed to biodegrade in the special conditions found in industrial composting, and it cannot be recycled with normal plastic, so Italy has chosen the wrong type. It is much too expensive for everyday use, and you cannot even make compost from it, because it quickly converts to CO2 gas which is then emitted to atmosphere. If Italy is really concerned about plastic litter it should exempt oxo- biodegradable plastic from the ban, as other countries have already done

23. 23 CROATIA IN THE EU Croatia will have to comply with the Essential Requirements in the Packaging Waste Directive. (d) Biodegradable packaging waste shall be of such a nature that it is capable of undergoing physical, chemical, thermal or biological decomposition such that most of the finished compost ultimately decomposes into carbon dioxide, biomass and water. D2w plastic satisfies these criteria Commission have confirmed that not necessary to comply with EN 13432 No tyres to landfill Soon no plastic to landfill

24. NOT a disposal option 24 Nobody is suggesting that biodegradable plastics should simply be thrown away BUT –North Pacific garbage patch

25. HOW DOES IT WORK? FOUR STAGES 1.SHELF-LIFE - as long as required 2.SERVICE-LIFE- as long as required 3.OXIDATION PHASE – a few months only 4.BIODEGRADATION PHASE – timescale not important See http://www.biodeg.org/files/uploaded/biodeg/Timescale_for_Degradation.pdf http://www.biodeg.org/files/uploaded/biodeg/Timescale_for_Degradation.pdf 25

26. WHAT DOES IT COST?  99.5% made with the same raw-materials as ordinary plastic. It does not use vegetable materials.  Little or no on-cost 26

27. RELEVANT STANDARDS d2w plastic can be tested according to ASTM D6954-04 – “Standard Guide for Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation” Also UAE Standard 5009:2009 British Standard 8472 Swedish Standard SPCR 141 27

28. 28 Standards - oxo These Standards measure: Tier 1 – Degradability Tier 2 - Biodegradability Tier 3 - Eco-toxicity

29. LITTER There is no evidence that degradable plastic of any kind encourages littering 29

30. WHAT IS IT NOT FOR? LANDFILL Already disposed of Degradation deep in landfill is not desirable Methane is not generated by oxo but it is by bio-based plastics So bio-based should not be sent to landfill 30

31. WHAT IS IT NOT FOR? COMPOSTING Composting standards require 90% of the plastic to convert to CO2 gas within 180 days – You cannot therefore make compost from “compostable” plastic – only CO2 It is not “recovery” d2w plastic retains the carbon for much longer, and is better for the soil – but does not emit CO2 fast enough for these standards Composters don't want post-consumer plastic anyway 31

32. HOW SAFE IS IT? d2w plastics pass the eco-toxicity tests in EN 13432, ASTM D6954 and BS8472 to confirm that they are not toxic They also satisfy the requirements of EN13432 to confirm the absence of heavy metals and other toxic and hazardous substances They also conform to EU and US requirements for direct contact with food 32

33. HOW IS IT USED?  It can be manufactured with existing machinery  No change of supplier or loss of jobs  Suitable for PE, PP, or PS 33

34. 34 RECYCLING d2w plastic can be recycled during its service-life, with normal oil-based plastics http://www.biodeg.org/position- papers/recycling/?domain=biodeg.org What can you do with Oxo-bio Plastic ?

35. IN WHICH APPLICATIONS? Rigid products such as bottles and cups Food packaging Carrier bags or “shopper-bags” which consumers use to take away their purchases from the shop Refuse sacks, which consumers buy in rolls at the shop, and use for disposal of their ordinary household waste. Aprons, for the protection of garments, in the home, hospitals, restaurants, workshops etc. Bin liners, Gloves, Bread bags, Frozen food bags Wrappers for cigarette packets Shrink-wrap, pallet-wrap and “Bubble-wrap” 35

36. Bio-based compostable d2w plastic is intended to degrade in the open environment – but “Compostable” is designed for industrial composting - so no good for Europe’s plastic litter problem Costs up to 400% more - d2w costs less than 5% more, and can be zero d2w plastic is made from by-product of oil or gas which used to be wasted “Compostable” is made from crops – using land & water which should be growing food. “Compostable” is NOT renewable (because of fossil fuels consumed in the production process) d2w is stronger and more versatile. d2w can be recycled but compostable cannot. 36

37. Life-cycle Assessment In 2011 the UK Environment Agency published a comparison of different types of shopping bag. It concluded that d2w bags have a better LCA than compostable plastic bags or paper bags. Long-life bags - breeding ground for bacteria – unless made with d2p 37

38. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION WWW.d2w.NET WWW.BIODEG.ORG dc@d2w.NET 38