1. Static Electricity
Static charges collect on surfaces and remain there until given a path to escape.

2. What is Static Electricity?
Static electricity is the build up of electric charge on the surface of objects.
The static charges remain on an object until they are given a path to escape.

3. How do objects get Static Electricity?
All matter is made of atoms that contain charged particles – electrons and protons
The protons are held tightly in the nucleus (with the neutrons) but the electrons are spinning around the nucleus in orbits

4. How do objects get Static Electricity?
The electrons can leave the atom and go to another atom, leaving one atom positively charged and the other negatively charged.

6. Protons cannot move!!
Static electricity is caused by the movement of the electrons.
The protons cannot move.
An object becomes positively charged when some electrons are removed!

7. How do objects get Static Electricity?
Usually the number of electrons and protons is the same so that the object is neutral (without charge)
Electrons can be transferred from one object to another by friction

8. How do objects get Static Electricity?
When two objects of different materials are rubbed together, one always becomes positively charged and the other becomes negatively charged

9. Electron Affinity
Electron affinity refers to the tendency of a material to hold onto electrons.
Different materials have different abilities to hold onto electrons

10. Electron Affinity
In some materials, like acetate, the atoms do not have a strong hold on the electrons, and will lose some electrons when rubbed with a material with a stronger electron affinity

11. Electron Affinity
In some materials, like gold, the electrons are held very tightly, and will steal electrons from other materials with a weaker hold on electrons.
Gold
acetate

12. Electrostatic Series
A list of some materials listed in order of their electron affinity.
The materials at the top of the list have a lower electron affinity than the materials below

13. Electrostatic Series
This means that when two materials are rubbed together, the one that is listed above the other will lose some electrons and become positively charged
The material that is below the other will gain those electrons and become negatively charged

15. Predict the charge Glass and nylon Wood and nylon Steel and Teflon
You pet a cat
Silk and cotton
Glass and cotton

16. Important fact: no electrons are lost
Important fact: no electrons are lost! They are only transferred to another material

17. The Laws of Electric Charges
Objects with a like charge will repel
Objects with an unlike charge will attract
Neutral objects are attracted to charged objects
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

18. How will these two react?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

19. How will these two react?

20. How will these two react?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

21. How will these two react?
_ + _ + + _ + _

22. How will these two react?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ + _ + + _ + _

23. Materials are usually neutral

24. Why do objects with static charged stick together?
When objects become charged they are attracted to neutral objects and to objects with the opposite charge

25. The rubber balloon was rubbed onto the woolen sweater
The balloon took the electrons from the sweater since rubber
has a higher electron affinity than wool
The negatively charged balloon sticks to the positively
charged sweater. The wall is neutral – equal number
of electrons and protons

26. The negatively charged balloon is brought close to the wall
The negatively charged balloon is brought close to the wall. The electrons in the wall are repelled by the excess electrons in the balloon and they move away from the balloon leaving the part of the wall closest to the balloon positively charged. The positive wall and the negative balloon are attracted to each other and they stick.

27. Induced charge separation
Occurs when a neutral object comes close to a charged object.
The electrons in the neutral object move towards a positively charged object (attracted)
Or the electrons move away from a negatively charged object (repelled)
This leaves the side of the neutral object with the opposite charge to the charged object

28. Why dust sticks to your T.V.+ + + - + - + +- -+
Neutral
dust particle
T.V.