1. Thomas Jefferson and His Presidency

2. Democratic-Republican
Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr both tie with 73 votes. It goes to the House and Hamilton controls the outcome and chooses Jefferson! Why?
He hates Burr more than Jefferson!
Thomas Jefferson became our 3rd president
The Democratic-Republicans took control of Congress
The Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution
Pres and VP run as a ticket
"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists." (Appealing to both Parties)
The pre-election atmosphere in 1800 was colored by the Alien and Sedition Acts controversy, which had created much ill feeling between the contending parties. The Jeffersonian Republicans triumphed. Since 1796, they had control of New York State thanks largely to Aaron Burr's political skills; he had wrested control of the legislature from Alexander Hamilton.
The bad news, however, was that the two Democratic-Republican candidates, Jefferson and Burr, garnered the same number of electoral votes; according to the Constitution, the matter was to be resolved in the House of Representatives. (See Article II, Section 1, Clause 3.)
The Election of 1800 Candidate
Party
Electoral Vote
Popular Vote
Thomas Jefferson (VA)
Democratic-Republican 73 *
Aaron Burr (NY)<
John Adams (MA)
Federalist 65
C.C. Pinckney (SC) 64
John Jay (NY) 1
*Popular vote totals were not recorded until the Election of 1824.
Thirty-six ballots were cast over five days to reach a decision. Once again Hamilton played a pivotal role, throwing his support to Jefferson, whom he disliked, rather than Burr, whom he truly hated.
This election is sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800" because it marked the transition from the Federalists, the only party to have held the presidency to that point, to the Democratic-Republicans of Jefferson. It appeared that major changes were in the offing.
The dilemma posed by two candidates receiving an equal number of electoral votes was later addressed in Amendment XII.

3. Election of 1800 Referred to as constituting “another revolution”
the party in power (Federalist) stepped down after losing the election
Changes made by Jefferson
Size of the military reduced (Why?)
Number of Federal employees increased
Amount of national debt reduced
Alien and Sedition Acts repealed (Why?)
Lowered Government Expenses, Cut Taxes
Increased the power of Agricultural in the South.
Free Trade w/o Government Control
Reduced the size of the National Bank (Why?)

4. Judiciary Act 1801
Increases the Number of Federal Judges to 16.

5. The Midnight Judges
John Adams filled all open positions with Federalist Judges!
Adams appoints one right before Jefferson takes office. (Why?) Hence the midnight judge.
This causes some problems for the Supreme Court… Stay tuned!

6. Marbury Vs. Madison (1803)
William Marbury – A Supreme court judge appointed by Adams on his last night of Office.
Jefferson ordered the Secretary of state (James Madison) not to deliver the official papers to Marbury the next day.
Marbury Sued Madison over this matter.
What does the Supreme court do? Does Marbury win? Take a guess in your notes!

7. Marbury Vs. Madison Continued
Supreme court rules against Marbury!
Why?
Jefferson was going to ignore the appointment & therefore ignore the supreme court.
So…The Supreme Court protects their power keeping judicial review.
Judicial Review- Gives the SC the power to decide which laws are Constitutional.
Now Write in your own words!

8. Hamilton Vs. Burr
Duel (1804) When two gentleman cannot settle an argument and ones honor is in question they use Pistols to settled it.
Hamilton Supported Burr’s Opponent in the New York Governors race.
Burr Challenges Hamilton and Kills him.
Hamilton Never fires a shot.
Burr is still upset that Hamilton outwardly support Jefferson for President.
Hamilton never fires a shot because it was a tactic that is his opponent missed he would be able to take aim and get a good shot off. It didn’t work

9. Hamilton vs. Burr

10. TOUSSAINT L’ OUVERTURE
LEADS A SLAVE REVOLT AGAINST THE FRENCH
NAPOLEON SENDS 20,000 TROOPS
YELLOW FEVER AND L’OUVERTURE’S ARMY DEFEAT THE FRENCH
Slaves earn their freedom in France! Unfortunately Takes longer in the US!
Because of trouble in France Napoleon needs Money and Allies! Which leeds to….?
Toussaint was reputedly descended from the Arrada people of the Dahomey Coast. His father, Gaou-Guinou, had been brought by the slave traders to the French colony of Saint-Domingue, and sold as a slave to the Count de Bréda. Toussaint was the eldest son and his date of birth is given as either May 20 or November 1 (All Saints' Day procuring the name Toussaint). He also took the surname Breda from his owner.
De Breda was relatively humane and happy to encourage Toussaint to learn to read and write. He became a coachman of the count and was already a noted horse rider and herbalist before his subsequent military and political career. Free black priest Pierre Baptiste taught him to read. He married a woman named Suzan Simone and they had a son, named Placide.
Though it was not widely known during his lifetime, Toussaint was in fact a free man by the time of the great slave uprising he would eventually help lead. He was freed from slavery at about the age of 33, and colonial records show that he leased a field of about 15 hectares with 13 slaves to grow coffee. At the time of this lease, he was still unable to sign, or write, though he would learn these skills before the revolution.
The French Revolution of 1789 had a powerful impact on the island. Inspired by the new philosophies of The Enlightenment, "Liberté, égalité, fraternité", the French proclaimed the Rights of Man to include all free men. When this promise was withdrawn under pressure from the plantation owners it sparked widespread slave uprisings.
[edit]
Rebellion and negotiations
Toussaint did not participate in the campaign of Vincent Ogé, a wealthy free man of color whose attempt to claim voting rights for this group in October 1790 was brutally crushed. In August 1793, he helped his former owners to flee to the United States, and became an aide to Georges Biassou in his insurgency after the Night of Fire. He rose rapidly in rank and the Black army proved to be surprisingly successful against the fever-ravaged and poorly-led European troops. In 1793, after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars, Toussaint allied with the Spanish to fight against French troops and gained the moniker L'Ouverture ("opening") because he exploited openings in the defenses of the opposition; he adopted this as his surname. Later that year the British occupied most of the coastal settlements of Haïti, including Port-au-Prince.
In 1793 Léger Félicité Sonthonax and Étienne Polverel, representatives of the French revolutionary government in Paris, offered freedom to slaves who would join them as they struggled to defeat counter-revolutionaries and fight the foreign invaders. On February 4, 1794, the largely Jacobin National Convention in Paris ratified these emancipation orders, that abolished slavery throughout all territories of the French Republic. In early May 1794, Toussaint left the Spanish and joined the French Revolutionary Army, bringing thousands of Black soldiers with him. He received the rank of Général de Brigade.

11. TOUSSAINT L’ OUVERTURE

12. Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson’s purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to
Give the United States control over the Mississippi River
Acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops
Hoped to preserve an agricultural (agrarian) society by making abundant lands available to future generations
To prevent war with France over control of the Louisiana Territory and secure American commerce

13. JEFFERSON WANTS NEW ORLEANS
JEFFERSON SENDS JAMES MONROE & ROBERT LIVINGSTON TO PARIS.
THEY ARE TO BUY NEW ORLEANS- CAN PAY AS MUCH AS $10 MILLION

14. Louisiana Purchase April 30, 1803
Robert Livingston & James Monroe signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris
The United States paid $15 million for the land, roughly 4 cents per acre
The purchase added 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi to the United States
July 4 the Louisiana Purchase is publicly announced
Original treaty can be found at:

15. MORE…
IF THE FRENCH REFUSE, MONROE IS TO FORM AN ALLIANCE WITH BRITAIN AGAINST FRANCE.

17. Maps of the Louisiana Purchase
The original maps can be found at:

18. JEFFERSON’S PRINCIPLES GET IN THE WAY.
JEFFERSON IS A STRICT CONSTRUCTIONIST.
MUST USE IMPLIED POWERS TO JUSTIFY THE DEAL.
FEDERALIST ATTACK JEFFERSON FOR STRETCHING THE CONSTITUTION.

20. Lewis and Clark Expedition
January 18, 1803
Jefferson asks Congress for funds to explore the land west of the Mississippi
His goal is to find a water route to the Pacific
May 1804
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark depart on the expedition
Map of Lewis and Clark’s Route
Original map can be found at:

21. Lewis and Clark Expedition
January 18, 1803
Jefferson sends a secret message to congress regarding the Lewis and Clark Expedition
In this message Jefferson asks for permission to establish trading with the Indians

22. LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 1804-1806
ASCEND THE MISSOURI RIVER AND CROSS TO THE PACIFIC
SURVEY THE AREA AND ESTABLISH RELATIONS WITH THE INDIANS
Clark made most of the preparations, by way of letters to Jefferson. He brought two large buckets and five smaller buckets of salt, a ton of dried pork, and medicines.
The group, initially consisting of 33 members, departed from Camp Dubois, near present day Hartford, Illinois, and began their historic journey on May 14, They soon met-up with Lewis in Saint Charles, Missouri, and the approximately forty men followed the Missouri River westward. Soon they passed La Charrette, the last white settlement on the Missouri River. The expedition followed the Missouri through what is now Kansas City, Missouri, and Omaha, Nebraska. On August 20, 1804, the Corps of Discovery suffered its only death when Sergeant Charles Floyd died, apparently from acute appendicitis. He was buried at Floyd's Bluff, near what is now Sioux City, Iowa. During the final week of August, Lewis and Clark had reached the edge of the Great Plains, a place abounding with elk, deer, buffalo, and beavers. They were also entering Sioux territory.
The first tribe of Sioux they met, the Yankton Sioux, were more peaceful than their neighbors further along the Missouri River, the Teton Sioux, also known as the Lakota. The Yankton Sioux were disappointed by the gifts they received from Lewis and Clark—five medals—and gave the explorers a warning about the upriver Teton Sioux. The Teton Sioux received their gifts with ill-disguised hostility. One chief demanded a boat from Lewis and Clark as the price to be paid for passage through their territory. As the Indians became more dangerous, Lewis and Clark prepared to fight back. At the last moment before fighting began, the two sides fell back. The Americans quickly headed upriver until winter stopped them at the Mandan tribe's territory.
In the winter of 1804–05, the party built Fort Mandan, near present-day Washburn, North Dakota. There, the group found themselves trapped in their shelter without food when a violent rainstorm hit. The Shoshone/Hidatsa native woman Sacagawea and her husband, French Canadian Toussaint Charbonneau, joined the group, and saved the corp group's lives by bringing the starving men fish. Unfortunately, the men were not used to the fish, and became ill. However, the group recovered and met Sacagawea. She enabled the group to talk to her Shoshone tribe from further west (she was daughter of the chief's brother), and trade food for gold and jewelry. (As was common during those times, she was taken as a slave by the Hidatsa at a young age, and reunited with her father on the journey.) She was able to aid them in translation, and she had some familiarity with the native tribes as they moved further west. The inclusion of a woman with a young baby (Sacagawea's son Jean Baptiste Charbonneau was born in the winter of ) helped to soften tribal relations since no war-party would include a woman and baby.
In April 1805, some members of the expedition were sent back home from Mandan in the 'return party'. Along with them went a report about what Lewis and Clark had discovered, 108 botanical specimens (including some living animals), 68 mineral specimens, and Clark's map of the United States. Other specimens were sent back to Jefferson periodically, including a prairie dog which Jefferson received alive in a box.
Lewis and Clark on the Lower Columbia by C.M. Russell
The expedition continued to follow the Missouri to its headwaters and over the Continental Divide at Lemhi Pass via horses. In canoes, they descended the mountains by the Clearwater River, the Snake River, and the Columbia River, past Celilo Falls and past what is now Portland, Oregon. At this point, Lewis spotted Mt. Hood, a mountain known to be very close to the ocean. On a big pine, Clark carved
"William Clark December 3rd By land from the U.States in 1804 & 1805"[4]
Clark had written in his journal, "Ocian [sic] in view! O! The Joy!". One journal entry is captioned "Cape Disappointment at the Enterance of the Columbia River into the Great South Sea or Pacific Ocean".[4] By that time the expedition faced its second bitter winter during the trip, so the group decided to vote on whether to camp on the north or south side of the Columbia River. The party agreed to camp on the south side of the river (modern Astoria, Oregon), building Fort Clatsop as their winter quarters. While wintering at the fort, the men prepared for the trip home by boiling salt from the ocean, hunting elk and other wildlife, and interacting with the native tribes. The winter was very rainy, and the men had a hard time finding suitable meat. Surprisingly, they never consumed much Pacific salmon.
The explorers started their journey home on March 23, On the way home, Lewis and Clark used four dugout canoes they bought from the Native Americans, plus one that they stole [2] in "retaliation" for a previous theft. Less than a month after leaving Fort Clatsop, they abandoned their canoes because portaging around all the falls proved too difficult.
On July 3, after crossing the Continental Divide, the Corps split into two teams so Lewis could explore the Marias River. Lewis' group of four met some Blackfeet Indians. Their meeting was cordial, but during the night, the Blackfeet tried to steal their weapons. In the struggle, two Indians were killed, the only native deaths attributable to the expedition. The group of four—Lewis, Drouillard, and the Field brothers—fled over 100 miles (160 km) in a day before they camped again. Clark, meanwhile, had entered Crow territory. The Crow tribe were known as horse thieves. At night, half of Clark's horses were gone, but not a single Crow was seen. Lewis and Clark stayed separated until they reached the confluence of the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers on August 11. Clark's team had floated down the rivers in bull boats. While reuniting, one of Clark's hunters, Pierre Cruzatte, blind in one eye and nearsighted in the other, mistook Lewis for an elk and fired, injuring Lewis in the thigh. From there, the groups were reunited and able to quickly return home by the Missouri River. They reached St. Louis on September 23, 1806.
The Corps of Discovery returned with important information about the new United States territory and the people who lived in it, as well as its rivers and mountains, plants and animals. The expedition made a major contribution to mapping the North American continent.

23. Embargo Act 1807 Forbade export of all goods from U.S.
Jefferson got Congress to hastily pass the act
Reasoned that a U.S. embargo would force Britain & France to respect its rights.
Loose construction of the Constitution
Congress' power to "regulate commerce" meant it could stop exports.
Undermined Jefferson’s states’ rights philosophy
Embargo Act was a disaster to the U.S. economy. Why? We need foreign business more than they do.
Non Intercourse Act (ended Embargo Act)
Formally reopened trade with all nations of the world except France and Britain
Remained U.S. policy until War of 1812.
The Embargo Act of 1807 was an American law prohibiting all export of cargo from American ports. It was designed to force Britain to rescind its restrictions on American trade, but failed, and was repealed in early Specifically, the Embargo act prohibited American goods from being shipped to foreign ports and all foreign vessels from taking cargo at American ports. Cargo for the coastal trade had to be bonded at double value. Foreign imports were not banned, but they mostly ceased because ships would have to return empty. It represented President Thomas Jefferson's response to the United Kingdom's Orders in Council (1807) and France's Continental System, which were severely hurting America's merchant marines. Although it was designed to force the British and French to change their commercial systems, neither country did, and the Act was repealed in Moreover, the Act failed to prevent the War of Historians in 2006 ranked it #7 of the 10 worst mistakes ever made by an American President.[1]
From the 1790s to 1807, American shippers enjoyed their status as the primary neutral carrier between France and Britain while both countries were engaged in the Napoleonic Wars, profiting as both Nations purchased American goods and ships. Before it passed, about $120 million in American ships and cargo were on the high seas on any one day. Jefferson thought that Britain needed the business so badly it would buckle on the impressment issue, where British warships stopped American commercial ships and seized sailors it said were British subjects. The vast British Royal Navy required a large workforce to keep a stranglehold on the oceans; a need which could not be provided for by volunteer enlistment. British warships stopped American merchant ships; inspected the papers of every crewmember, and carried off those they decided were British subjects. Over 6,000 sailors with American naturalization papers were also taken because Britain did not honor "naturalised citizenship" papers issued by American courts to men born in Britain.

24. JEFFERSON VS THE PASHA OF TRIPOLI
JEFFERSON OPPOSED LARGE ARMIES AND NAVIES
A THREAT TO THE GOVERNMENT
Barbary Pirates take bribe money from US ships so that they don’t take their cargo.
Pirates demands increase
Jefferson won’t pay them, and tries to over through the gov’t of Tripoli but does not succeed.
Jefferson realizes that with out a real military our nation is at risk.
AND EXPENSIVE
Because of the failed gov’t over through we pay $60,000 in ransom.
Although Thomas Jefferson came to power determined to limit the reach of the federal government, foreign affairs dominated his presidency and pushed him toward Federalist policies that greatly contrasted with his political philosophy. The first foreign episode involved Jefferson's war with the Barbary pirates. For the previous century or so, Western nations had paid bribes to the Barbary states, which would later become Morocco, Algeria, Tunis, and Tripolitania, to keep them from harassing American and merchant    
ships. When the Pasha of Tripoli raised his demands in 1801, Jefferson refused to pay the increase, sent warships to the Mediterranean, blockaded the small nation, and tried unsuccessfully to promote a palace coup in Tripoli. This was one of the first covert operations in American history. The war ended with agreements that involved one last payment of tribute, at least to Tripoli. Jefferson's action on this matter caused him to rethink the need for a well-equipped navy and halted his move to reduce the force to a mere token size.

25. Evaluating Jefferson Positives Negatives
Expands the size of the United States. “Louisiana Purchase”
Keeps US out of a costly war
Preserves neutrality
Negatives
Contradicts his own interpretation of the constitution.
~ Why? for the good of the country

26. JEFFERSON’S NAVAL POLICY LEADS TO WEAKNESS.
JEFFS ARE TOO SMALL TO BE USEFUL
WHEN THE WAR OF 1812 COMES WE MUST BUILD REAL SHIPS TO CONTEND WITH THE BRITISH.

27. 1801 PASHA DECLARES WAR ON U.S.
HOW WOULD JEFFERSON RESPOND?
SENDS MARINES TO THE “SHORES OF TRIPOLI”
1805 WAR ENDS - WE PAY $60,000 IN RANSOM.
BUT SHOWED WE WOULD FIGHT.

28. MORE…
2500 MEN IN THE ARMY
BUILT “JEFFS” TO DEFEND THE COAST. SMALL BOATS W 1 GUN.

29. Louisiana Purchase cont’
Bought the land from Napoleon
$15 million
As a strict constructionist, the Constitution did not authorize the President to negotiate treaties incorporating huge new expanses of land into the union.

30. THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
IN 1800 NAPOLEON GAINS CONTROL OF NEW ORLEANS FROM SPAIN.
WITHDRAWS THE RIGHT OF DEPOSIT IN1802

31. NAPOLEON OFFERS TO SELL ALL OF LOUISIANA
PRICE $15 MILLION DOLLARS FOR ALL THE LAND BETWEEN THE MISSISSIPPI & THE ROCKY MTS.
LIVINGSTON SIGNS THE DEAL APRIL 30, 1803
828,000 SQ MILES (3CENTS AN ACRE.

32. Louisiana Yet Again
Jefferson reluctantly submitted the treaties to the Senate while privately admitting the purchase as unconstitutional.
Senate promptly ratified the treaty
Land-hungry Americans jubilantly supported the purchase
Federalist opposition (typical of "loyal opposition" up to the present)
Ironically argued for strict construction: President did not have power to purchase LA.
Ironically claimed LA would cost too much especially when balancing budget was a goal
Real reason: worried that western lands would be loyal to Jefferson’s Republicans..

33. Jefferson’s Legacy Expansion became prime goal
Creation of a democratic non-aristocratic government
Total defeat of Federalists by 1816
Jefferson kept the country out of a damaging European war
War of 1812 not until late in Madison’s first term.

34. CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEAL
DOUBLED THE SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES.
GAINED A RICH RIVER VALLEY
SECURED NEW ORLEANS AND THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
JEFFERSON CALLED IT “THE VALLEY OF DEMOCRACY.”

35. JEFFERSON’S FOREIGN POLICY
1801 TO 1809

36. 9. Zebulon Pike Zebulon Pike also explores the western territory.
Pike reaches the Colorado area and finds the mountain which now bears his name: Pike’s Peak.
Pike then moves south into the Spanish territories which eventually become Texas and Mexico.

37. 10. Jefferson’s Reelection
By 1804, Jefferson was unquestioned success as a President. He was easily reelected.
Burr decided to run for governor of New York. Hamilton criticized Burr; Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel; Burr shoots and kills Hamilton. Burr’s term as Vice President was not quite over at the time of the duel.

38. 11. Jefferson’s 2nd Term
Pirates from the Barbary Coast States in the Mediterranean Sea demand tribute from U.S. trade ships.
Jefferson refuses to pay the tribute
The Barbary pirates from Tripoli declare war on the U.S.
Jefferson does not want to fight; instead, he orders a blockade of the port of Tripoli.

39. 11. Jefferson’s 2nd Term
The blockade eventually works. The U.S. forces the pirates to sign a peace treaty which ends all tribute payments.
The military action is popular in the U.S., but shows the need for a U.S. navy.
Jefferson puts aside his own personal problems with the government paying for a navy, and the country develops a stronger defense.

40. 11. Jefferson’s 2nd Term
Great Britain continues its policy of impressment.
Impressment is when the British kidnap U.S. sailors and force them to work as British sailors.
The impressment issue becomes a big deal with the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair in June 1807.

41. 11. Jefferson’s 2nd Term
Jefferson deals with the impressment issue by asking for an embargo, or block of trade, against both Great Britain and France.
Congress passes the Embargo Act of The main victim of the law was neither Great Britain nor France—it was the U.S. merchants who could no longer trade with either country.

42. 11. Jefferson’s 2nd Term
The Embargo Act proves EXTREMELY unpopular and Jefferson’s popularity suffers as a result.
Eventually, Congress repealed the Embargo Act and replaced it with the Non-Intercourse Act.
The Non-Intercourse Act was no more successful than the Embargo Act. American merchants and shipowners suffered greatly.
Jefferson leaves office with a loss of respect.

43. 12. Jefferson after the Presidency
James Madison, the author of the Constitution, a Democratic-Republican, and Jefferson’s hand-picked successor becomes the next President.
Madison leads the country during the War of 1812.

44. 12. Jefferson after the Presidency
Jefferson renews his friendship with his long-term friend and political rival, John Adams.
Jefferson and Adams exchange tons of letters with each other.
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on the same day: July 4, It was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence which both men help write.

45. THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE IS JEFFERSON’S GREATEST ACHIEVEMENT AS PRESIDENT.

46. Chapter 10, Section 4

47. Vocabulary 10.4 Impressment Embargo Unprepared Capture Outnumbered
Blockade
Port
Invade
Allies
A refusal to trade with another country
Friends
To take control of
A place where ships stop
Forcing sailors to work on another ship
Not read
To enter with force
Closing off an area with ships
When the other side has more soldiers/people than you do

48. Causes of the War Impressment
Britain and France were fighting a war in Europe
Britain began capturing American sailors and “impressing” them, or forcing them to work on British ships
By 1807, Britain had seized more than 1,000 American ships

49. Embargo Act of 1807
President Jefferson convinced Congress to declare an embargo
Jefferson believed the embargo would hurt Britain, but it really hurt America
In 1809, Congress ended the embargo with all countries except Britain and France

50. America’s Desire for Canada
Americans saw that Canada was not well-defended by Britain
Americans wanted more land and believed that people in Canada would want to join the United States

51. The War Hawks
A group of Republican Congressmen from the South and West
Wanted war against Britain
Led by Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clary of Kentucky

52. Election of 1808 James Madison, a Democratic-Republican, won
In the Spring of 1812, Madison decided to go to war against Britain

53. The War in Canada Americans were unprepared for war
The British captured Detroit and the Americans failed to capture Canada
Many Native Americans helped the British because they wanted to stop Americans from taking more land

54. The War at Sea The U.S. Navy was young and outnumbered
In November of 1812, the British blockaded the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays
The blockade grew throughout the war
By 1813, most American ships were unable to leave their ports

56. The War on Land Battle for Washington
The British invaded Washington, D.C. in 1814
British soldiers burned the Capitol, the White House, and other public buildings
Before the British burned the White House, Dolley Madison saved a famous painting of George Washington

57. Battle at Fort McHenry
Francis Scott Key: an American lawyer and prisoner of the British
Saw an American flag flying over Ft. McHenry after the battle
The flag inspired Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner”

58. The Battle of New Orleans (1815)
The most famous/important battle of the War
Americans were lead to victory by General Andrew Jackson
The battle continued even after the war ended because word did not reach the Americans for several weeks

59. The Treaty of Ghent
In December, 1815, British and Americans met in Ghent, Belgium to negotiate a peace treaty
Results of the war:
Britain and American became better allies
America gained respect from other countries

60. End

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