1. Prof. Dubiński Józef
Central Mining Institute
Katowice, POLAND
E N E R G Y
Green energy from coal as important element of long term energy security of supply for Europe

2. ASSUMPTIONS
Climate change is a serious threat that will have significant impact worldwide, including Europe.
Emission of carbon dioxide CO2 of EU countries
is annually about Mt and one half is
connected with power generation.
Therefore emission, especially those of
greenhouse gases, must to be reduced.
Assuming energy dependency on fossil fuels,
the development and deployment of clean fossil
fuel technologies will be a critical issue in the
transition to a sustainable energy future.

3. Coal reserves showing regional shares (at end of 2003)
North America 26,0%
South and Central America - 2,0%
Europe - 12,4%
Former Soviet Union- 23,6%
Africa- 6,0%
Australia - 9,3%
Asia 9,1%
China - 11,6%

4. Global structure of the reserves of basic fossil carriers of primary energy, % [ in re-count on toe]
Oil 15,2%
Gas 14,8%
Hard coal & lignite
70%

5. Reserves sufficiency of basic fossil carriers of energy

6. COAL FACTS
Coal is mined commercially in over 50 countries and is used in over 70.
Coal plays a vital role in power generation – currently fuels 39% of the world’s electricity and this proportion is expected to remain at similar levels over the next 30 years.
The world currently consumes over 4 050 Mt of coal.
Much of global coal production is used in the country in
which it was produced, only around 18% of hard
coal production is destined for the international coal
market.
Global coal production is expected to reach Mt
in Steam coal production is projected to have
reached around Mt ; coking coal 624 Mt ; and
brown coal Mt .

7. Production and consumption of coal in the EU countries, 2003
Country
Production, [Mt}
Consumption, [Mt]
Hard coal
Lignite 1.
Germany
28,75
179,10
63,47 2
Poland
102,87
60,90
85,31
60,87 3
Greece -
68,30
0,75 4
Czech Rep.
13,60
50,30
9,21 5
Great Britain
28,23
59,83 6
Estonia
14,7 7
Spain
9,41
12,0
30,96 8
Hungary
0,71
13,4
1,43 9
Slovenia
4,90
4,83 10
Slovakia
3,10
4,95 11
France
1,73
18,29 12
Belgium
0,15
8,54 13
Austria
1,3
3,96

8. Production and consumption of coal in the EU countries, 2003
Country
Production, [Mt}
Consumption, [Mt]
Hard coal
Lignite 14
Italy -
20,56 15
Netherlands
14,12 16
Finland
11,03 17
Denmark
9,35 18
Portugal
5,34 19
Sweden
3,04 20
Ireland
3,00 21
Luxemburg
0,11 22
Latvia
0,20 23
Lithuania
0,50 24
Cypr 25
Malta
Total :
185,45
407,93
351,45

9. EU countries are serious consumer of coal :
Hard coal 351,45 Mt
Lignite 407,93 Mt
Total : 759,38 Mt
Import of hard coal : 165 Mt
Import dependency for energy sources (gas, oil, coal) of EU countries is about 50% now and is expected to increase up to 70% in 2030
Source : IEA, 2004

10. Coal resources in EU countries
Country
Resources, Mt
Hard coal
Lignite
Germany
56 000
77 600
Poland
45 380
13 860
Czech Republic
8 500
9 500
Great Britain
1 000 -
Spain
4 200 80
France 99
Austria
30,5
Greece
6 500
Hungary
9 030
Slovakia
698
Source : EU Energy and Transport in Figures, Eirostat, 2003
Source : IEA, 2004

11. Positive attributes of coal
Coal reserves are very large and will be available for the foreseeable future without raising geopolitical or safety issues.
Coal is readily available from a wide variety of sources in a well-supplied world market.
Coal can be easily stored at power stations and stocks can be drawn on in emergencies.
Coal – based power is not dependent on the weather and can be used as a backup for wind and hydropower.
Coal does not need high pressure pipelines or dedicated supply routes.
Coal supply routes do not need to be protected at enormous expense.

12. Negative attributes of coal
Coal mining can a significant impact on the environment
(land disturbances, subsidence, water pollution, dust and noise
pollution, ect.).
Coal combustion releases emission of such pollutants as :
- oxides of sulphur and nitrogen (SOX and NOX),
- trace elements, such as mercury.
Impact of coal using on the global warming effect
- methane CH4 from coal mines
(Methane is a potent greenhouse gas – it is estimated to
account for 18% of the overall global warming effect arising
from human activities)
- carbon dioxide CO2 emissions from coal combustion when coal
is used in electricity generation or industrial processes
(CO2 contribution in the overall global warming effect arising
from human activities is estimated to contribute 50%).

13. Major sources of methane emissions%
Livestock 32
Oil and natural gas 16
Solid waste 13
Rice 11
Waste water 10
Other
Coal 8
Source : IEA, 2004

14. Major sources of CO2 emissions
Transport (cars)
Agriculture
Sources : Hydrocarbons combustion
Water evaporation
81%
Sources : Coal combustion
19%
Source : IEA, 2004

15. CO2 emission from fossil fuels%
Oil 41
Gas 21
Coal 38
Source : IEA, 2004

16. Structure of gas emission during coal combustion
Carbon dioxide CO2 55%
Methane CH %
Nitrogen oxides NOX 6%
Others %

17. Green coal means that majority or whole carbon dioxide CO2 rising during using
of coal (electricity generation or industrial processes) should be separated and sequestreted.
Technological Response is necessary
European Technological Platform for Zero Emission Fossil
Fuel Power Generation (ETP ZEFFPP)
- Advisory Council is established and several working meetings have taken place,
Vision Paper (VP) has been elaborated
Key outputs of the ETP will be :
1. Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) – the way forward for
Europe in this area for the immediate timeframe and out
to 2030+,
2. Deployment Strategy (DS) – how the technology will
be deployed into the market place.

18. THE KEY PROBLEMS OF ZERO EMISSION FOSSIL FUEL POWER GENERATION
Significant enhancement of the efficiency of the conversion
process from fuel to electricity (including Clean Coal Technologies)
- increase of maximum process temperatures for established processes,
- improvement of components,
- development of new processes and systems.
CO2 Capture and Storage – technology for future
- cost effective CO2 capture including incorporation into power
generation cycles,
- safe and reliable CO2 transportation infrastructure,
- safe and reliable use and storage of CO2.
A joint critical mass research, development, demonstration and deployment program of industry, science within the EU should open up the opportunity for Europe to take a lead in clean fossil energy.

19. acronim: „ Fossil Energy Coalition”
F E N C O ERA – NET
acronim: „ Fossil Energy Coalition”
Title of project „Promotion of an Integrated European and National R&D Initiative for Fossil Energy Technologies towards Zero Emission Power Plant
16 partners and subcontractors.
The initiative group of FENCO ERA - NET :
- Forschungszentrum Jülich – Germany – co-ordinator
- Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit – Germany
- Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) – Great Britain
- Future Energy Solution – Great Britain
Project is scheduled for 4 years
Start : July 2005

20. Thank you for attention
Prof. Dubiński Józef
Central Mining Institute
Katowice, POLAND
Thank you for attention