1. IN THE NAME OF GOD

2. Medical Terminology Of Muscular System

3. MUSCLE TYPES Rhabdomy/o Striated (skeletal, voluntary) Leiomy/o Smooth(Visceral,Involuntary) Myocardi/o Cardiac Covers: skeleton Function: Skeletal movement Covers: organs, vessels Function: Movements of liquids, gases, and solids Covers: heart Function: Maintain heartbeat

4. Muscle - my/o, myos/o Fascia: covers, supports, & separates muscle - fasci/o Tendon: connects muscle to bone - tendin/o Aponeurosis = flat tendon Importantcombining forms for muscle Important combining forms for muscle

5. MY/O = MUSCLE MedtermMeaning معنی Muscle Tissue composed of fibers that are capable of contraction ماهیچه MyosclerosisHardening of a muscle سخت شدن عضله MyoceleHerniation of a muscle پارگی در عضله MyalgiaPain in the muscle درد عضله Myodynia Pain in the muscle درد عضلانی MyocyteMuscle cell سلول عضلانی MyogenesisFormation of muscle cell تشکیل رشته های عضلانی MyologyStudy of muscles عضله شناسی

6. MedtermMeaning معنی MyorrhexisTearing of a muscle پارگی عضله MyomalaciaSoftening of a muscle نرمی یک عضله MyolysisDestruction of a muscle استحاله بافت عضلانی Electrtomyography Records the stengch of muscle cotractions as the result of electrical stimulation MyofibrilsSkeletal muscle fibers عنصر تشکیل دهنده عضله Myasthenia Gravis Autoimmune disorder characterized bye muscle weakness میاستنی گراویس Myonecrosis Death of individual muscle fibers مرگ ماهیچه ای MyotrophyWasting away of a muscle MyokymiaPersistent qulvering of a muscle لرزش دیرپای عضلات

7. MedtermMeaning معنی Myoma Tumor composed of muscle tissue تومور ماهیچه ای MyopathyAny muscular deseas بیماری ماهیچه ای Myositis Inflammation of skeletal muscle tissue التهاب ماهیچه ای MyotomyCutting of muscle tissue برش بافت عضلانی MyotoniaProlonged muscular spasm افزایش کشش ماهیچه ای Fibromyositis Inflammation of fibrous muscle التهاب بافت رشته ای - عضلانی FibromyalgiaPain of fibrous muscle درد رشته ای - عضلانی RhabdomyomaTumor of sekeletal muscle تومور رشته ای ماهیچه ی اسکلتی MyastheniaMuscle weakness ضعف عضلانی

8. MedtermMeaning معنی NeuromuscularNerve & Muscle عصبی - عضلانی Myoischemia Lack of oxygen in the muscle tissue نا رسانی خون در عضله MyooedemaSwelling of a muscle تورم ماهیچه ای MyopathyDisease of a Muscle بیماری ماهیچه ای MyoplastySurgical repair of a muscle عمل جراحی ترمیمی عضله

9. MOVEMENT OR MOTION FOR MUSCLE Kinesi/o = Movement MedtermMeaning معنی Hyperkinesia Increased muscular movement ازدیاد فعالیت عضلانی Bradykinesia Slowness of movement کندی غیر طبیعی حرکات Kinesialgia Pain with movement درد حین حرکات KinesiologyStudy of muscular body movements حرکت شناسی

10. ROM = range of motion Antagonistic pairs Abduction ----- adduction Flexion ---------- extension Rotation --------circumduction Supination ----- pronation Dorsiflexion --- plantar flexion

11. MedtermMeaning FlexionDecreasing the angle between two bones ExtensionIncreasing an angle between two bones Hyperextension Over Extension on of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit ElevationLifiting a body part DepressionLowering a body part RotationCircular movement of a limb around an axis CircumductionCircular Movement of limb at the far end AbductionMovement away from the midline of the body AdductionMovement towerd the midline of the body

12. PATHOLOGY OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

13. Torticollis: stiff neck : خشک شدن گردن Spasm: “cramp” Kinesia: movement - Dyskinesia - Hyper/ hypo– kinesia -Bradykinesia -brady = slow

14. Hemiparesis: paresis = weakness Hiccups = spasm of diaphragm ; also called “singultus” Contracture = shortening of muscle & resistant to stretching

15. USING - TAX Tax = coordination Ataxia: uncoordinated voluntary muscle movement Dystaxia: dys = bad

16. USING -spasm My/o/spasm -A spasm of a muscle

17. Using -pathy My/o/pathy: A generalized disease condition of the muscles

18. USING -SCLEROSIS My/o/scler/osis: A hardening of muscle tissue

19. USING -OMA A muscle tumor My/oma

20. USING -LYSIS Destruction of muscle tissue My/o/lysis

21. Root MedtermMeaningمعنی Myo Myo/malaci a abnormal softening of muscle نرم شدن عضله Myo Myo/rrhexisrupture of muscle پارگی عضله MyoMyo/clonusviolent action of muscle گرفتگی عضلانی Mya /astheniaMyastheniaWeakness of muscle خستگی عضلانی Myo / celeMyoceleHernia of muscle شکاف عضلانی Para / plegiaParaplegiaParalysis of all four extremities فلج اندام تحتانی Hemi / plegiaHemiplegia In complete paralysis فلج ناقص Quadri / plegiaQuadriplegi a Paralysis of all four extremities فلج گردن به پایین

22. Root MedtermMeaning معنی poly / plegiaPolyplegia Paralysis of many muscles فلج اکثرماهیچه ها Epi / myo Epimysium Outer covering of a muscle پوشش خارجی عضله Endo/ myo Endomysium Covering of each muscle fiber شبکه ای اطراف فایبرها Peri/ myo Perimysium Outer Covering of small bundle of muscle پوشش اطراف ماهیچه ای ____________AgonistA contracting muscle عضله ای که با انبساط یک عضله منقبض می شود ____________AntagonistA Muscle that opposes مخالف ____________Tendon Fibrouse bands of tissue that attaches muscle to bone تاندون ____________Ligament Fibrous bands of tissue that hold bones together at a joint لیگامنت ____________SprainTraumatic injury to tendons,muscle and ligaments around a joint رگ به رگ شدن عضله

23. Root MedtermMeaning معنی ___________Strain Overstretching of a muscle کشش بیش از حد ماهیچه ای fascioFascia Band of fibrous tissue that covers,supports and seperates muscle Epi / condyle / itis Epicondylitis Inflammation of tissue around the elbow التهاب بافت اطراف آرنج ____________Hypertrophy Over development of a muscle رشد بیش از حد ___________Atrophy Wasting away of a muscle تحلیل رفتگی Fibr /o / sisFibrosis Degenerative diseas in which fibrous connective tissue replaces skeletal muscle tissue تصلب بافت Fibri / sitis Fibrisitis Inflammation of fibrous connective tissues, espicially in the muslce fascia التهاب بافت فیبری اطراف ماهیچه Fibr / myo / sitisFibromyositisInflammation of fibrous muscle التهاب فیبر های ماهیچه ای

24. Root MedtermMeaning معنی Fibr / mya/ lgiaFibromyalgiaPain of fibrous muscleدرد فیبری tend/o/nitisTendonitis Inflammation of a tendon التهاب تاندون ten/o/syno/vitisTenosynovitis Inflammation of a tendon and synovial membrane التهاب تاندون ten/o/ Tenodynia Tendon Pain درد تاندون brachi/o/BrachialgiaArm pain بازو درد fasci /o/tisFasciitisInflammation of fascia التهاب فاسیای ماهیچه viscer/o/algiaVisceralgiaPain the viscera درد احشایی

25. Root MedtermMeaning معنی _________Synergist A muscle functioning in cooperation with another musle هم کرداری Rhabdo / my / omaRhabdomyomaTumor of skeletal muscle تومور ماهیچه ی اسکلتی para / plegiaParaplegia Paralysis of all four extremities فلج ___________TonusNormal state of balanced muscle tension present in body when one is awake کشیدگی طبیعی

26. ABBREVIATION

27. Meaning معنی ROMRange Of Motion حرکات مختلف DTR Deep Tendon Reflex رفلکس تاندون EMG ElectroMyoGrap hy الکترومایوگرافی IMIntraMuscular درون ماهیچه ای MDMuscular Dystrophy دیستروفی عضلانی

28. THE END