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The Muscular System Chapter 4.

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Presentation on theme: "The Muscular System Chapter 4."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Muscular System Chapter 4

2 Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Muscular System

3 Muscles Primary Function Make body movement possible Hold body erect
Move body fluids Produce body heat

4 Muscles Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) my/o, myos/o

5 Fascia Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Cover, support, and separate muscles Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) fasci/o

6 Tendons Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Attach muscles to bones Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

7 Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscles:
Attached to bones of the skeleton Make body motions possible Voluntary muscles Striated muscles (continues)

8 Types of Muscle Tissue (continues)

9 Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth muscles:
Located in walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands Move and control the flow of fluids through these structures Involuntary, unstriated, and visceral muscles (continues)

10 Types of Muscle Tissue (continues)

11 Types of Muscle Tissue Myocardial Muscle
Form the muscular walls of the heart Myocardium or cardiac muscle (continues)

12 Types of Muscle Tissue

13 Click Here to play Types of Muscle Tissue animation

14 Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
Muscle innervation: stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve Neuromuscular: pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle (continues)

15 Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
Antagonistic Muscle Pairs Contraction Relaxation

16 Contrasting Muscle Motion
Abduction: movement of a limb away from the midline of the body Adduction: movement of a limb toward the midline of the body (continues)

17 Contrasting Muscle Motion
(continues)

18 Contrasting Muscle Motion
Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint Extension: increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb Hyperextension: the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit (continues)

19 Contrasting Muscle Motion

20 Rotation and Circumduction
Rotation: a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint Circumduction: the circular movement at the far end of a limb (continues)

21 Rotation and Circumduction

22 Supination and Pronation
Supination: the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward Pronation: the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward (continues)

23 Supination and Pronation

24 Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion: the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle Plantar flexion: the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle (continues)

25 Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

26 Key Word Parts and Definitions
bi- twice, double, two -cele hernia, tumor, swelling dys- bad, difficult, or painful fasci/o fascia, fibrous band (continues)

27 Key Word Parts and Definitions
fibr/o fibrous tissue, fiber -ia abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium -ic pertaining to kines/o, kinesi/o movement (continues)

28 Key Word Parts and Definitions
my/o muscle -plegia paralysis, stroke -rrhexis rupture tax/o coordination, order (continues)

29 Key Word Parts and Definitions
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o tendon, stretch out, extend, strain ton/o tone, stretching, tension, tri- three

30 Click Here to play Spinal Cord Injuries animation

31 Questions

32 Question The largest muscle in the human body is found in the buttocks. True or False?

33 Answer True. The gluteus maximus in the buttocks is the largest muscle in the body.

34 Question How many muscles are required to raise your eyebrows? 15 8 30

35 Answer c. 30

36 Question Pronation is the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned upward. True or False?

37 Answer False. Supination is the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned upward.

38 Question Singultus is the medical term for: A facial tick Hiccups
Cramps

39 Answer b. Hiccups

40 Answers to Learning Exercises

41 Chapter 4 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 4.1. -ia 4.2. fasci/o
4.3. fibr/o 4.4. -cele 4.5. kines/o, kinesi/o 4.6. tax/o 4.7. my/o 4.8. -rrhexis 4.9. tend/o 4.10. ton/o Matching Muscle Directions and Positions 4.11. transverse 4.12. sphincter 4.13. oblique 4.14. rectus 4.15. lateralis

42 Chapter 4 Answers Definitions 4.16. skeletal 4.17. heel spur
4.18. supination 4.19. bradykinesia 4.20. physiatrist 4.21. myofascial 4.22. tendon 4.23. adhesion Definitions 4.24. paraplegia 4.25. tenodesis 4.26. myocardial 4.27. gluteus maximus 4.28. tendon 4.29. deltoid 4.30. sphincter

43 Chapter 4 Answers Which Word? 4.31. strain 4.32. neuromuscular blocker
4.33. dystonia 4.34. impingement syndrome 4.35. deltoid Spelling Counts 4.36. antispasmodic 4.37. singultus 4.38. gravis 4.39. ganglion 4.40. pronation

44 Chapter 4 Answers Abbreviation Identification
4.41. carpal tunnel syndrome 4.42. deep tendon reflexes 4.43. range of motion 4.44. repetitive stress disorder 4.45. spinal cord injury Term Selection 4.46. myorrhexis 4.47. myolysis 4.48. hyperkinesia 4.49. hamstring 4.50. myofascial release

45 Chapter 4 Answers Sentence Completion 4.51. epicondylitis
4.52. flexion 4.53. intermittent claudication 4.54. myoparesis 4.55. spasmodic torticollis Word Surgery 4.56. electr/o, my/o, -graphy 4.57. hyper-, kines, -ia 4.58. my/o, clon, -us 4.59. poly-, myos, -itis 4.60. sarc/o, -penia

46 Chapter 4 Answers True/False 4.61. True 4.62. False 4.63. True
Clinical Conditions 4.66. ganglion cyst 4.67. myocele 4.68. atrophy 4.69. hypotonia 4.70. chronic fatigue 4.71. Achilles tendinitis 4.72. myalgia 4.73. shin splint 4.74. quadriplegia 4.75. hemiparesis

47 Chapter 4 Answers Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 4.76. dystrophy
4.77. carpal tunnel release 4.78. adduction 4.79. myotomy 4.80. dorsiflexion Challenge Word Building 4.81. myopathy 4.82. polymyalgia 4.83. myonecrosis 4.84. fasciorrhaphy 4.85. polymyectomy 4.86. fasciodesis 4.87. myocarditis 4.88. fasciectomy 4.89. herniorrhaphy 4.90. sphincterotomy

48 Chapter 4 Answers Labeling Exercises 4.91. flexion 4.92. extension
4.93. abduction 4.94. adduction 4.95. pronation 4.96. supination 4.97. dorsiflexion 4.98. plantar flexion 4.99. circumduction rotation


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