1. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 1 The Skeletal System 2

2. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 2 The Appendicular Skeleton

3. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 3 The Appendicular Skeleton

4. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 4 The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle  Composed of two bones  These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

5. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 5 Bones of the Shoulder Girdle

6. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 6 Bones of the Shoulder Girdle

7. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 7 Bones of the Upper Limb  The arm is formed by a single bone

8. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 8 Bones of the Upper Limb The forearm has two bones Figure 5.21c

9. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 9 Bones of the Upper Limb  The hand

10. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 10 Bones of the Pelvic Girdle  Hip bones  Composed of three pair of fused bones  Protects several organs  Reproductive organs, Urinary bladder, Part of the large intestine

11. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 11 The Pelvis Figure 5.23a

12. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 12 Gender Differences of the Pelvis

13. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 13 Bones of the Lower Limbs  The thigh has one bone

14. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 14 Bones of the Lower Limbs  The leg has two bones

15. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 15 Bones of the Lower Limbs  The foot

16. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 16 Arches of the Foot  Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches Figure 5.26

17. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 17 Joints  Articulations of bones  Functions of joints  Ways joints are classified  Functionally  Structurally

18. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 18 Structural Classification of Joints Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints

19. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 19 Fibrous Joints  Bones united by fibrous tissue  Examples  Sutures  Syndesmoses  Example: distal end of tibia and fibula

20. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 20 Cartilaginous Joints Slide 5.47  Examples  Pubic symphysis  Intervertebral joints

21. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 21 Synovial Joints  Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity

22. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 22 Features of Synovial Joints  Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule  Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid  Ligaments reinforce the joint

23. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 23 Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint  Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs  Not actually part of the joint  Tendon sheath  Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

24. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 24 The Synovial Joint

25. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 25 Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape

26. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 26 Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape

27. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 27 Joint TypeMovementExamplesStructure Hinge Pivot

28. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 28 Joint TypeMovementExamplesStructure Ball and socket Saddle

29. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 29 Joint TypeMovementExamplesStructure Condyloid Plane

30. EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 30 Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints  Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction  Tendonitis – inflammation of tendon sheaths  Arthritis – inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints  Over 100 different types