1. Interaction Between Research Scientists and Students of Secondary Education in Digesting Principal of Science Nikolaos K Uzunoglu Microwave & Fiber Optics Laboratory National Technical University of Athens

2. Contents 1) Understanding Science = Embedding of Fundamental Principles 2) History of Science-The path of 2600 Years- Reductionism and Experiment 3) Newtonian Mechanics and its Consequences- Renaissance Science Laboratory 4) Revisiting of Scientific Principles and the Interaction of Researchers with Educational Community. 5) Conclusions

3. 1) Understanding Science = Embedding of Fundamental Principles In every level of Education and in any Field learning should aim the new knowledge to became “Property” of the student that is Embedding of Knowledge to learner. In Natural Sciences the importance of Establishing Principles in a Similar way as Euclidean Geometry based on self consistent Axioms has been of paramount importance in advancement of understanding Natural Phenomena. However Physics should based on Experiment and not arbitrary mathematical propositions. Geometry the “Prince” of Sciences also was established in the effort to understand Nature.

4. Difficulties in Teaching Basic Concepts Real World Experience by Human is not always correct Aristotelian concept of falling to earth objects Established concepts are very strong to compete and change During the last 50 years in Science Teaching Quantity has superseded Understanding Principles Examples: –Newtonian Mechanics and Everyday Experience –Electricity and Magnetism –Black Body Concept –Thermal Phenomena

5. Origins of Difficulties Subjective interpretation of observed natural phenomena Misconceptions based on previous established ideas Diversion of the principle that in Natural Sciences Experiment is the basis of knowledge Giving Priority to learn as much as possible and neglect the way of thinking and understanding the nature. Splitting of Mathematics and Physics = De- philosophicaton of Science during the last centuries The suppression of asking questions during the learning process and driving education into one way interaction Abandoning the use of Historical Remarks and Explaining Evolution of Scientific Thoughts throughout Human History

6. Experience The most significant results and inventions in science raised because in trying to explain the Observation of Natural Phenomena. Fundamental Scientific Achievements are based on Simple Ideas.

7. Consequences Insufficient Education System Loss of Human Potential to be Attracted by the Technological Sciences Decrease of Scientific Human Force Significant Economic and Social Impact The Availability of Human Resources is of Paramount Importance it’s a irreversible very delicate process and alone could not do much

8. 2) History of Science-The path of 2600 Years-Reductionism and Experiment Science as we know today started to appear in Ionia 600 B.C. The case of Thales of Milletus Conditions that allowed Scientific knowledge to grow and flourish for 500 years.

9. Establishment of Science The Museum and Library of Alexandria The Concept of Artificial Isolated Laboratory The developments of the last 500 Years The Concept of Laboratory as a replica of the Universe

10. 3) Newtonian Mechanics and its Consequences-Renaissance Science Laboratory European Science started to develop as the reshaping of Europe beginning of 14 Century and re-invention of Ancient Science and abandonment full devotion to Aristotelian Texts which prevailed for an almost 2000 years.

11. 4) Revisiting of Scientific Principles and the Interaction of Researchers with Educational Community. The establishment of Newtonian Mechanics by the end of 17 Century has been the driving force of the industrial revolution and influenced the education philosophy in Europe. The development of Differential and Integral Calculation was an important step in reshaping scientific thought. The Concept of isolated Laboratory was an essential instrument in the development of science in many branches. However the instrument of Laboratory had also negative impact in new learners of science since inevitably an alienation with the real world phenomena was resulted.

12. Embedding of Scientific Principles to New Learners Possible Approaches: –Historical Accounts –Experiments in Laboratory –Experiments in Natural World –Deduction of Laws based on numerous Observations and Generalization of Laws describing Experimental Phenomena. –Optimum use of Mathematical Instruments to describe the Fundamental Laws.

13. Holistic Nature of Scientific Branches The Similarity of Physics Branches usually is neglected in teaching science which is an important problem in Education. Complimentarily of various theories is also usually neglected. Especially the third law Actio-Reactio Principle are raley understood by Students. Dynamical quantities (various type of Forces) not being visible are difficult to be envisaged by Learners.

14. Experience in Teaching Newtonian Mechanics The interrelation of the three Laws is not examined. The consequences of the third law on Actio=Reactio is only explained only on a superficial level. The real world implications of Newtonian laws are explained only as a valid truth.

15. Lab of Tomorrow Approach Try to develop a new school environment that will move the isolated Laboratory to Real World and Activities involving students. Make Unseen Quantities Directly Measurable and Present in Real time to Students Measure motion of objects in three dimensional coordinates Make use in an optimum way the available electronics technology.

16. Technologies used in LoT Two Camera System to measure the Coordinates of a Point in Three dimensional space-Euclidean Geometry. Use solid state technology accelerometers to obtain measurement of applied Forces. Use Wireless technology to Remote the measured quantities Measure Biometric Quantities

17. 5) Conclusions The Concept of isolated Physics Laboratory alone is not sufficient in teaching Fundamental Laws of Physics The real world measurements using embedded sensors could improve the learning process. Extension to other fields such as Electromagnetism, Thermodynamics, Wave Phenomena and even Quantum Mechanics and Relativity is Possible.