1. VACCINATIONS

2. Important part of every animal’s health care program Large part of all veterinary practices Lessen chance of contracting a disease When & how vaccinations are given vary from vet to vet and their location

3. DISEASES

4. CAUSES OF DISEASES 2 Categories –Infectious-passed from animal to animal or from animal to human (zoonotic) –Non-infectious-cannot be passed from one animal to another or to humans

5. INFECTIOUS DISEASES Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae, helminthes, protozoa, and arthropods. Enter animals through the skin, mouth, mucous membranes, lungs, or reproductive tract

6. INFECTIOUS DISEASES Also spread by either direct or indirect means Direct-occurs by skin contact, ingestion of an infected animal, inhalation, and sexual/reproductive contact Indirect-vectors (mosquitos, fleas, ticks, flies), vehicles (equipment [brushes & buckets] instruments [needles & scissors]), fomites (water, air, soil, food)

7. NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES Caused by dysfunctions of one or more body systems, nutritional deficiencies, poisoning, physical injuries, or stress. Genetics and environment are also factors that cause non-infectious diseases.

8. Causes of Disease  Infectious Diseases -  caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae, helminthes, protozoa, and arthropods.  enter through skin, mouth, mucous membranes, lungs, or reproductive tract.  Non-infectious Diseases-  caused by dysfunctions of body systems, nutritional deficiencies, poisoning, physical injuries, stress, genetics, and environment. 1.Direct transmission –  direct skin contact  ingestion of an infected animal  inhalation  sexual/reproductive contact 2.Indirect transmission –  Vectors – mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, flies  Vehicles – equipment (brushes, buckets), instruments (needles, scissors), utensils  Fomites – water, air, soil, food

9. IMMUNITY

10. Function of the lymph system and protects the body from infection, disease and foreign bodies Immune system produces antibodies, which are specialized proteins designed to fight antigens Antigens are any foreign substances that induce an immune response Immunity can be established through passive or active means

11. PASSIVE IMMUNITY When an animal is given antibodies that have already been produced by another individual Only provides short-term immunity, the body breaks down the antibodies Mothers give newborns passive immunity through placenta and by ingesting colostrum

12. ACTIVE IMMUNITY Animal produces antibodies by natural or artificial means in response to an antigen Produced naturally when an animal is exposed to a disease and builds antibodies in response Produced artificially when an animal is vaccinated and builds antibodies in response to the vaccines