1. 4. INTERCEPTION

2. Precipitation P Evapo- Transpiration ET Dripping P D Stemflow P S Throughfall P T SS

3. INPUT = OUTPUT +/-  STORAGE P = (P T + P S + P D + E) +/-  S P forest = (P T + P S + P D ) P interception = E +/-  S P = P forest + P interception

4. ATMOSPHERE VEGETATION GROUND

5. ATMOSPHERE VEGETATION GROUND

6. ATMOSPHERE VEGETATION GROUND

7. ATMOSPHERE VEGETATION GROUND

8. ATMOSPHERE VEGETATION GROUND

9. ATMOSPHERE VEGETATION GROUND

15. Include Evaporative Loss

16. Without ET

17. Without ET

20. Observed interception Calculated as the mean of the “interceptometer’ readings Source: R. Horton, 1919. Monthly Weather Review

23. Initially leaf storage accounts for all precipitation in the storm Evaporation as a fixed percentage of precipitation accounts for most of the precipitation NOT reaching the ground Transition during which leaf storage becomes proportionally less important relative to the total precipitation in the storm.

25. Initially leaf storage accounts for all precipitation in the storm Evaporation as a fixed percentage of precipitation accounts for most of the precipitation NOT reaching the ground Transition during which leaf storage becomes proportionally less important relative to the total precipitation in the storm. Snowmelt drip After Schomaker, 1966

28. Source: Bonan, 2008: Ecological Climatology 2012 Forest Fires 2013 Floods Front Ranges, Colorado

29. L = S + K.E.t S = Leaf storage (e.g. 0.05cm) K = Leaf Area Index (e.g. 0.6) E = Evaporation rate (e.g. 0.1 cm/hr) Rainfall intensity = 0.5 cm/hr Cumulative Rainfall Cumulative Interception (L) INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERCEPTION TERMS

30. Ground Veg

31. Leaf area index in monocultures and mixtures of Cedrela, Cordia, and Hyeronima from age 1.0 to 3.5 yr at La Selva Biological Station, CostaRica. From: Menalled, Kelty and Ewell, 1998

33. INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERCEPTION TERMS Interception as % of rainfall

37. abn Orchards0.040.181 Ash woods0.020.181 Beech woods0.040.181 Oak woods0.050.181 Maple woods0.040.181 Willow shrubs0.020.401 Hemlock and pine woods 0.050.200.5 (inches) Source: Gray, 1970, Principles of Hydrology

38. ab Small crops0.02h0.15h Meadow grass0.005h0.08h Forage crops0.01h0.10h Small grains0.005h0.05h Corn0.005h Source: Gray, 1970, Principles of Hydrology

41. Source: Tobon Marin et al., 2000