1. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 The Future of Adaptive Optics Instrumentation David Andersen HIA

2. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Roadmap How does Adaptive Optics work? Why bother? What is being done now? What is on the horizon? C. Max, CfAO Neptune

3. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 An Alphabet Soup AO MCAO MOAO GLAO ExAO ASM WFS NGS LGS DM Adaptive Optics Multi-Conjugate AO Multi-Object AO Ground Layer AO Extreme AO Adaptive Secondary Mirror WaveFront Sensor Natural Guide Star Laser Guide Star Deformable Mirror C. Max

4. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 How does AO work? Parts List: –Bright Star –Deformable Mirror –Wavefront Sensor –Computer C. Max

5. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 AO in Action B. Graves

6. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Advances in Stars UDF AO works best if star light is BRIGHT and NEARBY

7. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Artificial Stars Solution: Make your own star using Lasers

8. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06

9. Laser Guide Stars A. Ghez

10. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 How does AO work? Parts List: –Bright Star –Deformable Mirror –Wavefront Sensor –Computer

11. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Rapidly Developing Technology Thin Mirror Actuators

12. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Piezo DMs

13. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 MEMS (Micro Mechanical Electrical Systems) Smaller Cheaper Better Unproven Electrostatically actuated diaphragm Attachment post Membrane mirror

14. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Adaptive Secondary Mirror More Efficient Costly Risky?

15. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 How does AO work? Parts List: –Bright Star –Deformable Mirror –Wavefront Sensor –Computer

16. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Wavefront Sensors f

17. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 How does AO work? Parts List: –Bright Star –Deformable Mirror –Wavefront Sensor –Computer

18. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Why AO? Diffraction Limit ~ 1/D (the telescope diameter) HST, Visible Keck AO, IR L. Sromovsky

19. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Why AO? D 4 Science –Exposure time ~ 1/D 2 without AO, ~ 1/D 4 with AO –Example 1: On Gemini, can detect faint point sources ~64 (8 2 ) times faster –Example 2: Without AO, a 30m telescope can observe objects 14 times faster –Example 3: With AO, a 30m telescope can observe objects 200 times faster Smith; Z~10 Universe

20. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii Subaru 2 Kecks Gemini North CFHT

21. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Altair for Gemini Commissioned in 2003 Most efficient AO system Added LGS in 2005 Built at HIA (Herriot & Veran)

22. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) Extreme Adaptive Optics (ExAO) required to see planets Requires infinitesimal errors and many actuators Scheduled for completion in 2009 Livermore + UCSC + NASA + HIA B. MacIntosh

23. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 GLAO for Gemini Natural Seeing GLAO Not D 4 science, but ~50% efficiency gains No more bad seeing Works at all wavelengths GLAO integrated into Gemini Add ASM to Gemini Coming 2010

24. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Thirty Meter Telescope Partnership of UC, Canada, USA (NSF) First Light 2015 Dome design at HIA/AMEC Telescope design at HIA/AMEC/TMT

25. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06

26. NFIRAOS Facility AO for TMT Designed at HIA (Herriot, Erickson) Uses Multiple LGS and Multiple DMs MCAO (wide field AO)

27. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Rigaut MCAO Each DM corrects for one layer of turbulence. If enough layers are corrected, then good AO correction seen everywhere on sky. Conan, UVic AO Lab, Times Colonist

28. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 MOAO Guzman & Gonzalez

29. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 TMT IRMOS MOAO Employs MOAO - Multi-Object AO Good AO correction for 20 targets in large patch of sky University of Florida/HIA collaboration

30. RASC, Victoria, 1/08/06 Conclusions Book not written on AO yet –Crossroads of many disciplines including Astronomy, Electrical Engineering, Optics, Control Theory, High Speed Computing, High Power Lasers, Microtechnology –Alphabet soup will get complicated AO just coming into its own –Number of AO Astronomy papers increasing rapidly –New instruments constantly being developed AO is an integral part of future ground-based astronomy –D 4 Science with Big Telescopes –New AO technology enable breakthrough science HIA should continue being at the forefront of AO research & development