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Vascular Plants with Seeds
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Vascular Plants with Seeds
Two main types 1. Gymnosperms 2. Angiosperms
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Gymnosperms “naked seed “ plants seeds in cones or scales
Includes: 5 phyla 1. Phylum Coniferophyta 2. Phylum Cycadophyta 4. Phylum Ginkgophyta 5. Phylum Gnetophyta
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Phylum Coniferophyta 1. Common name: Conifers 2. Examples:
pines, firs, spruces, junipers, larches, yews 3. Needle or scale-like leaves 4. Most of the evergreen trees or shrubs
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Phylum Cycadophyta Common name: Cycads Example : Cycas
Palm-like leaves, lives in tropics Evergreen trees and shrubs
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Phylum Ginkgophyta Common name : Ginkgoes Example: Ginkgo biloba
Only one remaining species Deciduous trees with fan-shaped leaves Fleshy seeds Used as a memory-enhancing food supplement
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Phylum Gnetophyta Common name: Gnetales
Examples : Ephedra, Welwitschia Gymnosperm (“naked seed” shrub or vine with some angiosperm characteristics Stimulant used in diet supplement Welwitschia mirabilis
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Angiosperms Plants with seeds inside fruits
Includes : trees, shrubs, herbs, or vines with flowers One phylum : Phylum Anthophyta rhododendron sage grape vine
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Phylum Anthophyta Contains two classes: 1. Class Monocotyledones
2. Class Dicotyledones corn bean
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Phylum Anthophyta 1. Class Monocotyledones (Monocots)
iris 1. Class Monocotyledones (Monocots) A. Examples : palm trees, grasses, lilies, irises, orchids Tiger lily orchid Pampas grass palm
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Class Monocotyledones
B. Embryos with one seed leaf (cotyledon)
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Class Monocotyledones
C. Parallel leaf veins
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Class Monocotyledones
D. Flower parts in threes or multiples of three
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Class Monocotyledones
E. Vascular bundles in stems scattered randomly
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Phylum Anthophyta 2. Class Dicotyledones (Dicots)
A. Examples: roses, daisies, most deciduous trees
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Class Dicotyledones B. Embryos with two seed leaves cotyledons
Bean seedling
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Class Dicotyledones C. Leaf veins in a net-like pattern
(palmate or pinnate) Palmate venation Pinnate venation
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Class Dicotyledones D. Flower parts in groups of four or five
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Class Dicotyledones E. Vascular bundles in stems arranged in a
ring pattern
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