2. 2

3.  Identify the study question › What is already known on the topic? 3

4.  Identify the study question › What is already known on the topic? › What remains to be known? 4

5.  Identify the study question › What is already known on the topic? › What remains to be known? › What are the expected results/hypotheses? 5

6.  Identify the study question › What is already known on the topic? › What remains to be known? › What are the expected results/hypotheses? 6

7.  Identify the study population › Who? › What? › When? › Where? 7

8.  Identify the study population › Who? › What? › When? › Where? 8

9.  Case-control  Cohort  Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)  Surveillance  Cross-sectional  Chart Review  Case Study 9

10.  “Cause → Effect” 10

11.  “Cause → Effect” 11

12.  “Cause → Effect” 12

13.  “Cause → Effect” 13

14.  Other Variables 14

15. 15

16. 16

17. 17

18. 18

19.  Possible clinical implications of results 19

20.  Possible public health implications of results 20

21. Publication tips 21

22.  Literature/Critical Review  Study Question  Study Population  Study Design  Exposure, Outcome, Covariates  Results  Strengths, Limitations, Implications  Future Directions 22

23.  Write down the main idea (research question) of your project  Look for key components in each article; do they fit? › Stay within the boundaries of your research question  Keep your review in a notebook or spreadsheet  File the literature in a logical way › Reference managers can assist with this  Flag or highlight key content 23

24. Author, yearPopulationMethodsKey findings Foraker, 2011ARIC cohort, ages 45-64 at baseline, 1987- 2005 Assessed 30-day readmission accounting for death as a competing risk Predictors of 30- day readmission were nSES and comorbidity score Binkley, 2009Heart failure patients at OSUMC, ages 55+, 2007-2008 Assessed predictors of readmission Elevated glucose predicted 90- day readmission 24

25.  Validity of author’s approach  Potential sources of bias  External influences on study findings  Communication of study message  Implications for your research › Background for grant proposal or manuscript › Limitations of existing studies › Strengths of your study 25

26.  Study question › Is the central hypothesis clear?  Study design › Are there other approaches?  Study population › Selection of subjects: enrollment, retention  Definition of exposure, outcome, covariates  Results  Strengths, limitations, implications 26

27. Other issues 27

28. 28

29. 29

30. 30

31. 31

32. 32

33.  Be prompt  Address each point consecutively › Restate reviewers’ concerns  Cut and paste manuscript edits into the letter, or point to text (page, paragraph, line number) 33

34. Literature review suggestions 34

35. 35

36. 36

37. 37

38. 38