1. Using Environmental Simulations
NIMBY
Landfill Siting
Kildare
Environmental Health
Using Environmental Simulations
Linda Sigismondi, Ph.D.

2. Yoretown Landfill nearly full Needs new site 4 possibilities Evaluate
Recommend

3. Yoretown

4. Landfill Siting Criteria
Slope and terrain
Soil Depth
Soil Permeability
Bedrock
Aquifer
Explosive Gas Migration
Wells & Mines
Access
Zoning
Location
Residences
Natural Features
Nature Preserve
Airports

5. Site Information

6. Landfill Site Comparisons
Site A
Site B
Site C
Site D
Cost
$30,900,000
$23,100,000
$34,200,000
28,200,000
(cubic ft.)
217,800,000
243,926,000
143,748,000
78,408,000
Top soil depth (ft.) 4 6 3 1
Adv.
away from school, airport
access
out of town
away from houses, town
Disadv.
summer wind
2 houses, airport
commercial annex
near river, stream, drainage, steep, mine, nature preserve
Rec. no
yes

7. Other Possibilities Transport trash to another area Incineration
Recycling/Compost

8. Additions to Activity Build a landfill model Compare soil permeability
Examine bedrock samples

9. An Environmental Health Simulation
KILDARE, USA
An Environmental Health Simulation

10. MAP OF KILDARE, USA
N=10,000
1000
600
Lake Rainbow
500

11. SCENARIO 15 individuals diagnosed with illness
Rash, arthritis progressing to seizures/paralysis
Your group is a team of environmental sanitarians assigned to investigate the illness and control its spread.
Money is available but use wisely since the more you spend the less is available for other town issues.

12. INITIAL OPTIONS
Option 1A: Interview doctors involved in the diagnosis of the disease
$300
Option 1B: Interview area business owners
Option 1C: Interview those individuals who have fallen ill with the mysterious symptoms.
Option 1D: Run tests to screen for pathogens and toxins in Lake Rainbow.
$1,500
Option 1E: Conduct genetic screening of patients.
Option 1F: Interview businesses where patients work.
Option 1G: Conduct air emissions study of Kildare Industrial Park.
$900
Option 1H: Review literature written on similar symptoms of patients occurring in 1919.
$100
Option 1I: Conduct standard blood serum work on patients. This test will identify common pathogens, poisons, and blood chemistry abnormalities.
$600
Option 1J: Conduct tests on patients’ home environments.

13. Choice
Cost
Result 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Total Spent

14. CONCLUSION PART 1? all have lake and fish in common
no common toxins or pathogens in lake, (air, soil)
All are homozygous for gene for I-roll

15. OPTIONS PART 2 Option 2A: Conduct household water study. $400
Option 2B: Conduct local food study.
$1,000
Option 2C: Conduct local stream study.
$600
Option 2D: Conduct local air study.
$500
Option 2E: Conduct specific analysis of blood serum on patients for the presence of rare pollutants.
Option 2F: Conduct study of local soil.
Option 2G: Conduct analysis of the waste discharged from the entire Kildare Industrial Park.
Option 2H: Conduct study of game fish in Lake Rainbow.
$700
Option 2I: Conduct study of city water supply.
Option 2J: Conduct study of the waste discharged from individual industrial park businesses.

16. CONCLUSION PART 2? Chemical called I-Swing in Lake (legal levels)
Discharged by EPC
High concentration in game fish
Those affected have high concentrations of U-shake in blood

17. OPTIONS PART 3
Option 3A: Study I-Swing in the food chain of Lake Rainbow
$3,000
Option 3B: Study the interaction of I-Swing and the enzyme I-Roll.
$3,500
Option 3C: Study the blood serum in people who have eaten the fish but have not fallen ill.
$1,500
Option 3D: Study the metabolism of U-Shake in patients.
Option 3E: Study U-Shake in the food chain of Lake Rainbow.

18. CONCLUSION PART 3 I-swing bioaccumulates
Biomagnification of I-swing in food chain
Those with I-roll convert I-swing to U-shake
U-shake accumulates, causes symptoms

19. CONCLUSION PART 3 I-swing bioaccumulates
Biomagnification of I-swing in food chain
Those with I-roll convert I- swing to U-shake
U-shake accumulates, causes symptoms

20. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS Solution 1: Solution 2: Solution 3: Solution 4:
Though harsh, some have argued that little can and should be done. The genetic defect is rare and will be wiped out if not treated, since all inflicted will die.
Solution 2:
Genetic screening of the town at $250 a test. Warn homozygous recessive people for the I-Roll gene of danger in eating Lake Rainbow fish.
Solution 3:
Close down EPC until a filtering procedure can be developed to remove I-Swing. This process could take 1–5 years. Remove all fish from Lake Rainbow and restock with new fish.
Solution 4:
Fine EPC for dumping I-Swing into Lake Rainbow until I-Swing is removed from their waste. Remove all fish and restock the lake.
Solution 5:
Come up with an alternate solution.

21. Q & A

22. Thank you