1. EAST VERSUS WEST- A GLOBAL DIVIDE & A COLD WAR: CAUSES & COURSE

2. Cold War  Russia-source of fear to W. Capitalist World  Russia & U.S.-were allies during WW II  Soviet Union & U.S.-sharply opposed, conflict seemed inevitable

3. Cold War-Military Conflict  In 1946, W. Churchill said: “An iron curtain has descended across the Continent... I am convinced there is nothing they [the communists] so much admire as strength, and there is nothing for which they have less respect than weakness, especially military weakness."

4. Cold War-Military Conflict  “Iron curtain”-watchword of the CW  CW-the state of political tension & military rivalry-U.S./Allies Vs. SU/Allies  Initial arena of CW was Europe  Europe was bitterly divided, particularly in Berlin; but no shooting war occurred between the 2 sides

5. China  1949-Mao Zedong proclaimed the est. of the People's Republic of China  China & SU-were sharply opposed due to territorial disputes, ideological differences & for communist leadership  They were at the brink of war in the late 60s

7. Cold War  Soviet insistence on security/control in E. Europe clashed w/Am & British desires for democratic societies & capitalism  NATO & Warsaw Pact-an Am sphere of influence in W. Europe & an imposed Soviet sphere in E. Europe

8. NATO (blue) And WARSAW PACT (red)

9. Cold War  Communism into Asia globalized the CW & led to destructive "hot wars“  N. Korea invaded S. Korea in 1950  Chinese & Am. involvement (1950-1953)

11. Cuban Missile Crisis  Fidel Castro came to power in 1959, his nationalization of Am. assets provoked great U.S. hostility  Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev deployed nuclear-tipped missiles to Cuba  World held its breath for 13 days as Am. forces blockaded the island & prepared to invade (Oct. 62’)

12. Cuban Missile Crisis  A nuclear exchange between superpowers seemed imminent  Catastrophe averted by Khrushchev & U.S. President John F. Kennedy  Compromise-Soviets remove missiles from Cuba in return for an Am. promise not to invade the island

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14. Arms Race In Nuclear Weapons  U.S. gets bomb in 1945, SU in 1949  In 40 years a global arsenal of close to 60,000 warheads  Delivery sys-bomber aircraft & missiles  One bomb can destroy any major city in the world

16. Vietnam 1956-1975  Military efforts by S. Vietnamese communists & the communist N. Vietnamese govt to unify their country prompted massive Am. intervention in the 60s, peaking at 550,000 U.S. troops  Armed & supported by the Soviets & Chinese the Vietnamese communists bested the Americans.  The Vietnamese united their country under communist control by 1975

19. Afghanistan  A third major military conflict of the CW era occurred in Afghanistan  (1979-1989)-war a "bleeding wound," sustained by U.S. aid to Afghan guerrillas  In Vietnam & Afghanistan, both superpowers painfully experienced the limits of their power

20. below.