1. Current research on Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing (EMDR) Robin Logie Derek Farrell Melanie Temple David van den Berg DCP Oxford 7 th Dec 2013

2. History of EMDR Francine Shapiro 1987 – walk in the park 1989 – Journal of Traumatic Stress RCT PTSD

3. Trauma based therapy trauma or other unresolved life events that cause psychological disorders addresses trauma/life event directly PTSD obvious starting point – specifically relates to trauma Most psychological disorders relate to trauma/life event

4. Differs from other trauma based therapies Integrates memory/image of ‘worst moment’ current negative cognition eg ‘I’m not safe’ bodily sensation Combined with bilateral stimulation

5. Procedure: The 8 phases of EMDR 1. History-taking 2. Preparation(eg relaxation, ‘safe place’) 3. Assessment

6. Assessment Specific image Current negative belief (Negative Cognition) e.g. ‘I am helpless’ Desired positive belief (Positive Cognition) e.g. ‘I am in control’ Validity of Cognition (VOC) Emotion Current level of disturbance (SUD) Location of emotion

7. Procedure: The 8 phases of EMDR 1. History-taking 2. Preparation(relaxation, ‘safe place’) 3. Assessment 4. Desensitisation 5. Installation 6. Body scan 7. Closure 8. Re-evaluation

8. Theoretical rationale Adaptive Information Processing (Solomon & Shapiro 2008) Inadequate processing of info re distressing experiences EMDR achieves integration

9. Training & accreditatation Europe EMDR Association Standardises training courses (7 days) Accreditation

10. Further information EMDR Association UK & Ireland www.emdrassociation.org.uk Humanitarian Assistance Programme www.hapuk.org Robin Logie www.robinlogie.com info@robinlogie.com

11. Active ingredients of EMDR Eye movements: interfere with working memory processes (van den Hout et al, 2011)van den Hout et al, 2011 Makes memory less vivid, less emotional Enhances processing because less overwhelmed link into the same processes that occur during REM sleep (Stickgold, 2002)Stickgold, 2002 EMs induced relaxation and/or orienting response

12. Which disorders? EMDR focuses on trauma Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Any disorder related to trauma Accident Bereavement Survivor of abuse Trauma may not be initially apparent Not neuro/organic disorders eg psychosis, manic depression

13. EMDR with children Simpler than other forms of therapy Less abreaction Involves parents Same as adult protocol ‘minimal creativity’ Simplified as necessary for child eg omit cognitions (child < 5) Alternatives to eye movements eg auditory ‘clicks’, hand taps, drumming Narrative approach

14. Training Need to be fully trained & experienced therapist before EMDR training Basic, Part 1:3 days Intermediate, Part 2:1 day Advanced, Part 3:3 days Children: Levels 1 and 2 Accreditation Consultant - supervision