1. 1 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Dan Högberg 1 Lars Hanson 2 Daniel Lundström 3 Maria Jönsson 4 Dan Lämkull 5 1 The School of Technology and Society, University of Skövde, Sweden 2 Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Sweden 3 Semcon Caran AB, Gothenburg, Sweden 4 ArjoHuntleigh R&D Center, Lund, Sweden 5 Volvo Car Corporation, Manufacturing Engineering, Gothenburg, Sweden e-mail: dan.hogberg@his.se Representing the Elderly in Digital Human Modelling

2. 2 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. “Visualisering av brukarkaraktäristik vid produktutveckling inom fordons- och hälsoindustrin“ “Digital Albert” Carried out within Virtual Ergonomics Centre [www.vec.se] Financially supported by the Knowledge Foundation (KK- stiftelsen) in Sweden and by the participating organisations The Research Project

3. 3 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Enhanced knowledge about how to design tools for people that are designing products and environments for people Designers, architects and engineers Understand the user People unlike oneself People who are sometimes considered a less important group of customers when designing products Get the Aha I didn’t knew that, I see, OK good Overall Purpose

4. 4 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Designers, architects and engineers are people - with different knowledge, attitudes, interests, tasks… Design is in itself a complex activity Users and their tasks are different THE design tool is hard to establish Begin by a certain application and by using existing design tools and methods Overall Complexities

5. 5 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Application Health care solutions design (products) at ArjoHuntleigh To the Details

6. 6 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Computer Aided Design Tool Modification of Digital Human Modelling (DHM) tools to better represent elderly people Manikin has the characteristics and appearance of an able healthy young or middle-aged human To the Details

7. 7 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. User representation method Utilisation of Arjo’s established method “The Mobility Gallery” A communication tool structured according to five different levels of functional mobility. Residents are classified according to their degree of functional mobility, from the most mobile and independent to the most dependent and entirely bedridden resident. Labelled Albert, Barbara, Carl, Doris and Emma. Each resident is described with different personal characteristics and background details and an illustration. To the Details

8. 8 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. The Mobility Gallery – Barbara (B) The resident is partly capable of performing daily activities independently. However, the assistance that is required is in general not physically demanding for the carer. The assistance may consist of verbal support, feedback or indications, but light physical assistance is also possible. This assistance can be given in combination with smaller aids (walking aids, support or grips and handles) or adaptations in the environment of the resident (grips and handles). Barbara’s remaining capacity should be stimulated. Characteristics Uses walking frame or similar Can support herself to some degree Dependent on carer who is present in demanding situations Not physically demanding for carer Stimulation of remaining abilities (e.g. ambulation) is very important (Arjo, 2005) To the Details

9. 9 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. The Mobility Gallery – Barbara (B) To the Details Barbara, an 82-year-old (62 kg) widow, has lived in the care home for three years. Her husband died seven years ago. In her working life she was a primary school teacher. Her children and grandchildren live nearby and like to visit her. She seems happy in the care home. There is a combination of medical problems. Due to a heart condition, she occasionally gets very dizzy, and a rheumatic disease makes her joints, especially her knees, stiff and painful. She also gets tired quickly. Because of her dizziness and knee pains she is afraid of falling. The doctor encourages her to keep moving as much as possible: "If you rest, you will rust", he says. (Arjo, 2005) [Circa one third of the personal description of Barbara]

10. 10 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. 1 – Anthropometry 2 – Range of motion data 3 – Mapping of Mobility Gallery descriptions 4 – Age-corresponding appearance Approach

11. 11 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Manikin family structure based on recommendations from Speyer (2005) Results - Anthropometry Population: Elderly British Males and Females, Age group 75+ (Smith et al., 2000)

12. 12 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Results - Anthropometry

13. 13 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Range of motion data from Older Adultdata (Smith, et al., 2000) Prototype %-ile values Preliminary Results – Range of Motion

14. 14 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Preliminary Results – Range of Motion

15. 15 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Results - Mapping of Mobility Gallery Descriptions Barbara (B) Mobility Description The resident is partly capable of performing daily activities independently. However, the assistance that is required is in general not physically demanding for the carer. The assistance may consist of verbal support, feedback or indications, but light physical assistance is also possible. This assistance can be given in combination with smaller aids (walking aids, support or grips and handles) or adaptations in the environment of the resident (grips and handles). Barbara’s remaining capacity should be stimulated. Characteristics Uses walking frame or similar Can support herself to some degree Dependent on carer who is present in demanding situations Not physically demanding for carer Stimulation of remaining abilities (e.g. ambulation) is very important Link to Personal Description Anthropometry – Manikin F2 Stature 1449 mm, Weight 61 kg, Sitting height 756 mm Range of Motion data Shoulder Extension 38 deg. (Supported 42 deg.) Shoulder Flexion 161 deg. (Supported 164 deg.)

16. 16 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Preliminary Results – Appearance An attempt to create Albert in the illustration software Poser 7.

17. 17 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. According to a study by Goodman et al. (2007), based on literature review, observations and interviews with designers, designers prefer information that is: - Quick and easy to find and use - Visual and stimulating - Flexible and open-ended and - Relate clearly to design issues We consider that our prototype tool meet these requirements. Discussion

18. 18 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Fine tune anthropometry and range of motion data Continue work on age-corresponding appearance Development of a illustrative demonstrator Evaluation Coming Steps

19. 19 12 Aug 2008 Dan Högberg et al. Dan Högberg The School of Technology and Society, University of Skövde, Sweden e-mail: dan.hogberg@his.se Thank you!