1. Environmental Pollution
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman
Professor
Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET)
Dhaka, BANGLADESH
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

2. Types of Pollution Water Pollution Air Pollution Soil Pollution
Noise Pollution
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

3. Atmospheric deposition
Sources of Pollution
Environment
Point Source
Domestic Sewage
Industrial Waste
Non-point Source
run-off
Surface
Atmospheric deposition
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

4. Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman Water Pollution Point source
Industrial effluent
Textile
Tannery
Dyeing
Thermal
Municipal waste
Non-point source
Agricultural runoff
Atmospheric
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

5. Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman Air Pollution Global Industrial
Gaseous emission
Thermal
Natural
Marshlands
Forests
Local
Gaseous
Landfills
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

6. Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman Soil Pollution Industrial Liquid effluent
Sludge
Toxic Chemicals
Man-made
Landfills
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

7. Noise Pollution Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman Sources Industrial Machines
Exhaust
Construction
Operation
Demolition
Vehicular
Other
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

8. Industrial Effluent Discharge
Numerous textile and tannery industries in Bangladesh
Required to have ETP
Expensive to treat effluent
Owners reluctant to spend money on non-productive issues such as ETP
Engineers tend to compromise with the owners
Technology to treat textile dye may not always be economically viable
Buyers and consumers expect good governance & implementation of rules
Enforcement of regulations inadequate in the past; at present more strictly enforced
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

9. Some Examples Industrial wastewater discharge in Turag river
Sewage discharge in Balu river
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

10. Waste materials dumping in Turag river
Sewage discharge in Bongshi river
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

11. Dysfunctional ETP
Sludge Cake
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

12. Sewage outfall
Hatirjheel
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

13. Thermal Plume Discharge in Sitalakhhya River
Shiddhirgonj Power Plant Outfall
Haripur Barge-Mounted Power Plant
CDC Globeleque Power Plant
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

14. Pertinent Issues
Two Combine Cycle power plants on either banks of the river
One has a side bank discharge, the other has a submerged single-port discharge
A third STPP is planned just u/s of these two
The river water quality has already deteriorated to an unacceptable level
Govt. and funding agencies plans to install the new plant at this location because of existing cable network
Aquatic environment is at a stake
Professional ethics necessitates wastewater safe disposal for the aquatic environment
Solution – cooling tower for the thermal discharge may provide a safe disposal option
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

15. Water Quality Mapping using Biological and Chemical Indicators
Water Quality Map provides a good visual picture of pollution status of river
It can be presented to managers and decision makers as a good visualization aid
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

16. Rivers Selected
Based on reconnaissance visits and discussion with local people, 20 sites on 5 rivers around Dhaka city were selected for sampling and analysis. River includes: On the Western side of Dhaka city – Part of Bongshi river and Turag river from Tongi bridge upto its confluence with Buriganga. Southern side of Dhaka city – part of Dhaleshawri river and Buriganga Northern side of Dhaka city – Tongi khal and part of Balu river Eastern side of Dhaka city – Balu river and part of Shitalakkhya river
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

17. Macroinvertebrate Classification
Chemical Analysis
Macroinvertebrate Classification
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

18. Effect of Untreated Wastewater Discharge
Water Quality Map around Dhaka
Industrial effluent discharge
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

19. Stream-fed river; dries up in winter and floods during monsoon
Pashupatinath Temple in Kathmandu, on the banks of the Baghmati river which meets the Ganges downstream
Stream-fed river; dries up in winter and floods during monsoon
Dammed just d/s of the temple to hold water
Cremation is done on the pedestals constructed along the banks
Extremely polluted due to untreated domestic wastewater disposal and solid waste disposal into the river
People bathe in this water as a part of the religious ritual
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

20. Expectations of the Society
Community at large no longer trust the experts as they used to and Environmental Professionals are no exception
Society expects the organizations to be environmentally certified and demonstrate responsible and ethical governance
Social and Environmental development projects are expected to adhere to the ethical obligations.
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

21. Shared Responsibility
The responsibilities do not rest with the Engineers only.
Government, Policy Makers, General Populace, Entrepreneurs should share the responsibilities
Good governance in every sector is essential to ensure ethical management of the environment
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

22. Media and Environmental Awareness
Erin Brockovich
The movie portrays the environmental disaster due to contamination of drinking water at Hinkley, California.
Chromium (VI), a carcinogen, caused by a Pacific Gas & Energy Ltd.
The pipeline was constructed in The company knew that Hinkley GW was being contaminated through their pipeline but tried to cover up.
The case was settled in 1996 for $333 million in a direct action law suit.
Another lawsuit, against this company alleges contamination near PG&E Kettleman Hills compressor station in Kings County, California
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

23. Media and Environmental Awareness
A Civil Action
Tannery industry in Wooburn, MA dumped toxic waste on the ground
The poison percolated into the water table and was pumped by two wells into the drinking water
Eight neighborhood children died of leukemia. Their families sued Beatrice Foods and W. R. Grace, the megafirms responsible for the pollution
It was difficult for the adversary system to determine whether toxins dumped by these companies made the children sick
Relying on the adversary system and lay juries to find the truth simply compounded the disaster and created more tragedy.
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

24. Accountability ?
On June 15, 1997 a massive blowout of the drilling well took at the 1st drilling site of Occidental at Magurchara, Sylhet, BD
The explosion of gas turned into an inferno, towering over 300 feet and spreading to the surrounding villages, rainforest and cropland
As required, Oxy submitted and EIA report a priori but DOE objected to some issues and didn’t provide an environmental clearance certificate
245Bcf of gas was burnt out amounting to a loss of $685million. Environmental damage was estimated to be ~$105million.
No compensation was paid and Oxy transferred its share to Unocal for a 28.57% share in 3 producing wells in Yemen
Recently, Unocal has transferred its share to Chevron and the whole compensation issue is in limbo
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman

25. In Conclusion
Professional ethics is essential for ensuring a safe and sound environment
The responsibilities rest upon not only on the Engineers but also on the policy makers, govt. and non-govt. organizations, donor agencies as well as the general public
Good governance in every sector is essential to ensure ethical management of the environment
Communication between the professionals and policy makers-end users provides the key to success
Dr. A. B. M. Badruzzaman