1. The Value of a Good Pigment Formula and How to Get it. Larry Frank Vice President Sales and Marketing

2. Where to Begin? Start with good fundamentals: Match the pigment performance to the application requirements Start From Scratch Do not make the mistake of looking at $/lb first Keep the number of needed pigments to a minimum Don’t be afraid to ask……

3. Start From Scratch Start From Scratch Resist the temptation to add to or to modify an existing formula Start with Primary Color and add a Secondary Color and White or Black, most matches can be done with 3-4 pigments max. It is ok to work within your “approved product list” as long as the needed products are on the list. Use organics for chroma and brightness in combination with inorganics to help with opacity, durability, and cost.

4. Understanding Pigment Properties Tinctorial - Hue Tinctorial - Hue - Brightness/Dullness - Brightness/Dullness - Opacity/Transparency - Opacity/Transparency - Strength - Strength Physical - Dispersibility Physical - Dispersibility - Oil Absorption - Oil Absorption (flow and gloss) (flow and gloss) Chemical - Light Fastness/Weatherfastness Chemical - Light Fastness/Weatherfastness - Solvent Fastness - Solvent Fastness - Heat Fastness - Heat Fastness - Chemical Resistance - Chemical Resistance

5. Questions to Consider in Determining the “right” Pigment or Pigment Combination Cost Parameters Heavy Metals Fastness to Overspray Opacity, Transparency, and Gloss Air Dry or Baking System Masstone or Tint Interior or Exterior (Weatherfastness/Lightfastness ) Water Based or Solvent System

6. Drum Enamel Stds. Vivid Red 105 (DE< 1.5) 1. DNA ORANGE 5 17.0% TOLUIDINE RED 3 (light) 44.0% TOLUIDINE RED 3 (light) 44.0% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 36.0% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 36.0% RED IRON OXIDE 3.0% RED IRON OXIDE 3.0% 2. NAPHTHOL RED 112 20.0% NAPHTHOL RED 170 (BS) 20.0% NAPHTHOL RED 170 (BS) 20.0% YELLOW IRON OXIDE 46.0% YELLOW IRON OXIDE 46.0% RED IRON OXIDE 14.0% RED IRON OXIDE 14.0% 3. DNA ORANGE 5 24.0% TOLUIDINE RED 3 (med.) 51.0% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 10.0% COPPERAS RED OXIDE 15.0% 4. OPAQUE ORANGE 34 13.0% NAPHTHOL RED 170 (BS) 27.0% YELLOW IRON OXIDE 32.0% RED IRON OXIDE 28.0%

7. Pigment Formulation Cost at List Prices $5.50 $5.50 1. DNA ORANGE 5 17.0% 1. DNA ORANGE 5 17.0% TOLUIDINE RED 3 (light) 44.0% TOLUIDINE RED 3 (light) 44.0% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 36.0% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 36.0% RED IRON OXIDE 3.0% RED IRON OXIDE 3.0% $5.67 $5.67 2. NAPHTHOL RED 112 20.0% NAPHTHOL RED 170 (BS) 20.0% NAPHTHOL RED 170 (BS) 20.0% YELLOW IRON OXIDE 46.0% YELLOW IRON OXIDE 46.0% RED IRON OXIDE 14.0% RED IRON OXIDE 14.0% $6.58 3. DNA ORANGE 5 24.0% TOLUIDINE RED 3 (med.) 51.0% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 10.0% COPPERAS RED OXIDE 15.0% $10.05 4. OPAQUE ORANGE 34 13.0% NAPHTHOL RED 170 (BS) 27.0% YELLOW IRON OXIDE 32.0% RED IRON OXIDE 28.0%

8. vs

9. Formula 2 & 4 have best performance…… $5.50 $5.50 1. DNA ORANGE 5 17.0% 1. DNA ORANGE 5 17.0% TOLUIDINE RED 3 (light) 44.0% TOLUIDINE RED 3 (light) 44.0% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 36.0% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 36.0% RED IRON OXIDE 3.0% RED IRON OXIDE 3.0% $5.67 $5.67 2. NAPHTHOL RED 112 20.0% NAPHTHOL RED 170 (BS) 20.0% NAPHTHOL RED 170 (BS) 20.0% YELLOW IRON OXIDE 46.0% YELLOW IRON OXIDE 46.0% RED IRON OXIDE 14.0% RED IRON OXIDE 14.0% $6.58 3. DNA ORANGE 5 24.0% TOLUIDINE RED 3 (med.) 51.0% TITANIUM DIOXIDE 10.0% COPPERAS RED OXIDE 15.0% $10.05 4. OPAQUE ORANGE 34 13.0% NAPHTHOL RED 170 (BS) 27.0% YELLOW IRON OXIDE 32.0% RED IRON OXIDE 28.0%

10. Common Pigment selection mistakes to avoid while formulating Assuming that a pigment that has good lightfastness or weatherfastness in masstone also has the same in tint Understanding Phthalo-Blues Using Orange 5 when Opaque Orange 34 or Orange 36 is needed Using Hansa Yellows in Solvent systems Using High Chroma Ink Pigments in Exterior Coatings Over Engineering and Over Pricing a formula

11. Is the Formula Production Friendly? Dispersion – do you have the capacity to achieve good consistent pigment dispersion of the pigments in the formula? Dispersion – do you have the capacity to achieve good consistent pigment dispersion of the pigments in the formula? Consider dispersions for hard to grind or small volume high price pigments Consider dispersions for hard to grind or small volume high price pigments Consider dispersions for Blacks Consider dispersions for Blacks

12. Keys to Success Talk to your suppliers to best understand your options and potential issues Talk to your suppliers to best understand your options and potential issues Important that the formulator, the buyer, and production communicate with each other. (price and availability) Important that the formulator, the buyer, and production communicate with each other. (price and availability) There is one optimum pigment combination that provides the required performance at the lowest cost There is one optimum pigment combination that provides the required performance at the lowest cost Selecting the right pigments for the application will insure the best performance and value! Selecting the right pigments for the application will insure the best performance and value!

13. THANK YOU!