1. Matter – Properties and Changes Chap. 3

2. Can you think of anything that is pure?

3. I.Substance

4. (Pure) Substance Matter that has a constant, unchanging composition

5. I.Substance II. Properties of matter

6. I.Substance II. Properties of matter A. Extensive vs. Intensive

7. Extensive Property Intensive Property

8. Extensive Property Depends on amount of substance Intensive Property

9. Extensive Property Depends on amount of substance Intensive Property Ex. mass, length, volume, Ex. mass, length, volume,

10. Extensive Property Depends on amount of substance Intensive Property Independent of the amount of substance Ex. mass, length, volume, Ex. mass, length, volume,

11. Extensive Property Depends on amount of substance Intensive Property Independent of the amount of substance Ex. mass, length, volume, Ex. mass, length, volume, Ex. density, boiling point, color Ex. density, boiling point, color

12. I.Substance II. Properties of Matter A. Extensive vs. Intensive B. Physical vs. Chemical

13. Physical Property Chemical Property

14. Physical Property Property that can be observed without altering composition Chemical Property

15. Physical Property Property that can be observed without altering composition Chemical Property Ex. color, state, BP, density Ex. color, state, BP, density

16. Physical Property Property that can be observed without altering composition Chemical Property Property that when measured alters a substance Ex. color, state, BP, density Ex. color, state, BP, density

17. Physical Property Property that can be observed without altering composition Chemical Property Property that when measured alters a substance Ex. color, state, BP, density Ex. color, state, BP, density Ex. Oxidizing ability, reactivity Ex. Oxidizing ability, reactivity

18. I.Substance II. Properties of Matter A. Extensive vs. Intensive B. Physical vs. Chemical C. State

19. Three States of Matter

20. 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas

21. I.Substance II. Properties of Matter III. Changes in Matter

22. I.Substance II. Properties of Matter III. Changes in Matter A. Physical vs. Chemical

23. Physical Change Change in macro- scopic structure without altering composition Chemical Change

24. Physical Change Change in macro- scopic structure without altering composition Chemical Change Ex. Crush, cut, grind, phase change Ex. Crush, cut, grind, phase change

25. Physical Change Change in macro- scopic structure without altering composition Chemical Change Ex. Crush, cut, grind, phase change Ex. Crush, cut, grind, phase change Change that alters composition of substance

26. Physical Change Change in macro- scopic structure without altering composition Chemical Change Ex. Crush, cut, grind, phase change Ex. Crush, cut, grind, phase change Ex. Corrode, explode, oxidize, burn Ex. Corrode, explode, oxidize, burn Change that alters composition of substance

27. I.Substance II. Properties of Matter III. Changes in Matter A. Physical vs. Chemical B. Conservation of Mass

28. Conservation of Mass Mass reactants = Mass products

29. Self Check – Ex. 1 A 22.8-g sample of water is decomposed. It produces 2.6-g of hydrogen. What mass of oxygen is formed?

30. Self Check – Ex. 1 A 22.8-g sample of water is decomposed. It produces 2.6-g of hydrogen. What mass of oxygen is formed? M oxygen = 20.6 g

31. IV. Mixtures A.Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous

32. Mixture Combination of two or more pure substances

33. IV. Mixtures A.Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous

34. Homogeneous Mixture has the same composition throughout. Heterogeneous Mixture

35. Homogeneous Mixture has the same composition throughout. Ex. gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater Ex. gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater Heterogeneous Mixture

36. Homogeneous Mixture has the same composition throughout. Ex. gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater Ex. gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater mixture with visibly different parts. Heterogeneous Mixture

37. Homogeneous Mixture has the same composition throughout. Ex. gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater Ex. gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater Ex. salad, root beer float, sandy water Ex. salad, root beer float, sandy water mixture with visibly different parts. Heterogeneous Mixture

38. Homogenous Mixture =Solution

39. some other solutions gas in gas – air gas in liquid – carbonated drink liquid in gas – water droplets in air solid in solid – alloy gas in gas – air gas in liquid – carbonated drink liquid in gas – water droplets in air solid in solid – alloy

40. IV. Mixtures B.Separating

41. IV. Mixtures B.Separating 1. filtration

42. IV. Mixtures B.Separating 1. filtration 2. distillation

43. IV. Mixtures B.Separating 1. filtration 2. distillation 3. crystallization

44. IV. Mixtures B.Separating 1. filtration 2. distillation 3. crystallization 4. chromatography

45. Self Check – Ex. 2 A mixture of salt, sand and water is created. How can you recover the sand and salt?

46. Self Check – Ex. 3 A mixture of red dye is placed in water. How can this mixture be separated?

47. V. Elements & Compounds A.Element

48. Element Pure substance that can’t be broken down by physical or chemical means

49. elements organized on periodic table about 100 elements (90 occur naturally) they aren’t equally abundant abbreviated with 1 or 2 letter symbols organized on periodic table about 100 elements (90 occur naturally) they aren’t equally abundant abbreviated with 1 or 2 letter symbols

50. V. Elements & Compounds A.Element B.Compound

51. Compound Combination of two or more elements

52. compounds over 10 million and increasing can be decomposed into elements chemical formulas show which elements compose compounds over 10 million and increasing can be decomposed into elements chemical formulas show which elements compose compounds

53. VI. Laws of the Compounds A.Law of Constant Composition

54. Law of Constant Composition Every sample of a given compound contains the same mass ratio of elements.

55. Self Check – Ex. 4 IDCarbonOxygenC:O ratio A1.56 g2.07 g B2.25 g2.99 g Are compounds A and B the same substance?

56. Self Check – Ex. 4 Are compound A and B the same substance? Yes – they have the same C:O ratio. IDCarbonOxygenC:O ratio A1.56 g2.07 g1.33 B2.25 g2.99 g1.33

57. VI. Laws of the Compounds A.Law of Constant Composition B.Law of Multiple Proportions

58. Law of Multiple Proportions The ratio of mass ratios for the elements in two different compounds will be a whole number

59. Self Check – Ex. 5 Compound C is N 2 O. Suggest a formula for compound D? IDNitrogenOxygenN:O ratio C15.02 g8.58 g D5.48 g6.26 g N2ON2O

60. Self Check – Ex. 5 IDNitrogenOxygenN:O ratio C15.02 g8.58 g1.75 D5.48 g6.26 g0.875 Compound B has half the nitrogen. Could be NO (nitrogen monoxide).

61. The End